The effort to close the gender gaps in employment is one of the priorities worldwide to help address the disparity that exists between men and women in terms of rights and opportunities and to grow the economy in a sustainable way. Several academics and international organizations are interested in understanding its evolution, as well as the reasons and consequences of its existence. In this sense, the crisis alters the labor markets, affecting male and female employment ratios to varying degrees. To determine the foundations and consequences of the COVID‐19 in the labor sphere: we first discuss the most relevant international analysis of employment in pre‐and post‐COVID‐19 times. Second, we synthesize the state of the art of the most relevant literature on gender gap in employment and its drivers, especially those related to the impact of the coronavirus. To achieve this, we revised 731 papers since 1989 until January 2024. The reports of different organizations, as well as scientific studies indicate that the coronavirus has represented a setback for female empowerment. This is evident in higher rates of destroyed employment due to the pandemic impact on more feminized sectors, and women have assumed greater responsibilities at home compared to males. With a sample of 394 articles published between 2020 and January 2024, we employed a bibliometric approach to understand the evolution of scientific research on the subject. Our results provide a theoretical and conceptual framework that facilitates academic progress in understanding gender inequality, as well as practical guidance in identifying gaps.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 对就业的影响：对女性辞职的文献计量回顾

努力缩小就业方面的性别差距是全世界的优先事项之一，以帮助解决男女在权利和机会方面存在的差距，并以可持续的方式发展经济。一些学者和国际组织有兴趣了解其演变及其存在的原因和后果。从这个意义上说，危机改变了劳动力市场，不同程度地影响了男性和女性的就业比率。为了确定 COVID-19 在劳工领域的基础和后果：我们首先讨论对 COVID-19 之前和之后的就业最相关的国际分析。其次，我们综合了有关就业性别差距及其驱动因素的最相关文献的最新水平，特别是与冠状病毒影响相关的文献。为了实现这一目标，自 1989 年至 2024 年 1 月，我们修订了 731 篇论文。不同组织的报告以及科学研究表明，冠状病毒对女性赋权造成了挫折。由于疫情对女性化程度更高的行业的影响，就业被破坏的比例更高，而且与男性相比，女性承担了更多的家庭责任，这一点显而易见。我们以 2020 年至 2024 年 1 月期间发表的 394 篇文章为样本，采用文献计量方法来了解该主题科学研究的演变。我们的研究结果提供了一个理论和概念框架，促进理解性别不平等的学术进步，并为识别差距提供实践指导。