• Introducing the Contributors

Before you begin reading the detailed stories in the articles, you may appreciate the following overview—an alphabetical list of contributors with a few notes about how they got their start in this field.

Marie-Thérèse Abbou-L'Huillier, as a deaf daughter of deaf parents, first became aware of the linguistic and artistic aspects of her native French Sign Language through her experiences as a cofounder and very young participant in the International Visual Theater (IVT) in Paris. Her interest in the language was strengthened during an internship at Gallaudet in 1979, after which she collaborated with one of the first French Sign Language linguists, Christian Cuxac, and engaged in extensive didactic and artistic research related to French Sign Language.

Ben Bahan has been a storyteller in ASL since childhood. At Gallaudet University, he pursued a major in biology but remained involved in performance and storytelling. He heard about a job opening in Bill Stokoe's lab in 1977 and was hired to transcribe signs. He parlayed this experience into a research assistant job at the Salk Institute with Ursula Bellugi. He went on to graduate study in linguistics at Boston University but remained involved in storytelling and video production. After completing his doctorate in nonmanual marking in ASL sentences, he became faculty in Deaf studies at Gallaudet University in 1996.

Charlotte Baker-Shenk, while pursuing graduate degrees in linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, was encouraged to take a sign language class because of her prior interest in nonverbal behavior. That led her to begin research on American Sign Language in 1975 at the Linguistics Research Lab (LRL) at Gallaudet University with William Stokoe. She wrote her dissertation on the linguistic functions of nonmanual behaviors in ASL questions.

Robbin Battison entered the field of sign language accidentally in 1970 as a student at the University of California, San Diego when he was offered a job as a research assistant in the Bellugi lab at the Salk Institute. His work for the next ten years focused on American Sign Language phonology, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. He was lucky enough to work at two other hotbeds of sign language research: Gallaudet College (now University) and Northeastern University in Boston.

Brita Bergman was aware of sign language in her high school years, when she spent many afternoons in a café frequented by three signing deaf men. In 1971, as a linguistics student, she visited a school for deaf and hard of hearing children in Stockholm, where she thought it didn't make sense that signing wasn't used. Signing immediately became the topic for her bachelor's thesis, for which she first learned a form of signed Swedish but then went on to learn Swedish Sign Language, producing a first analysis of the subcomponents of the signs of this language.

Penny Boyes Braem, after completing a bachelor's in history and a master's in teaching English, first became aware of sign language when she was asked to jump in as a temporary substitute English teacher at a school for the deaf. Her curiosity about American Sign Language there led to doctoral studies at the University of California, Berkeley, in the early 1970s, which included time spent at the Bellugi Lab at the Salk Institute. After she moved permanently to Switzerland in 1973, she founded a private center for sign language research, and most of her subsequent research has been on Swiss German Sign Language.

Maria Cristina Caselli wrote her thesis in the Philosophy Department at the University of Rome on the role of gesture in the language acquisition of hearing children. In a visit with her advisor, Virginia Volterra, at the Bellugi lab in 1981, she was able to compare the first signs produced by an American deaf child with the early gestures she had seen in very young hearing Italian children, a thread of research she continued to follow when she returned to Rome, which included collaborating on studies of Italian Sign Language.

Serena Corazza, born deaf to deaf parents and growing up in Trieste, had been in contact with many signed and spoken/written languages her entire life. Her first contact with linguistics...

• 贡献者介绍

在开始阅读文章中的详细故事之前，您可能会欣赏以下概述 - 按字母顺序排列的贡献者列表，以及有关他们如何在该领域起步的一些注释。

Marie-Thérèse Abbou-L'Huillier是一名聋哑父母的女儿，她通过作为国际视觉剧院 (IVT) 联合创始人和年轻参与者的经历，首次意识到她的母语法国手语的语言和艺术方面在巴黎。1979 年在 Gallaudet 实习期间，她对法语的兴趣增强了，此后她与最早的法国手语语言学家之一 Christian Cuxac 合作，并从事与法语手语相关的广泛教学和艺术研究。

本·巴汉(Ben Bahan)从小就是美国手语的讲故事者。在加劳德大学，他主修生物学，但仍然参与表演和讲故事。1977 年，他听说 Bill Stokoe 的实验室有职位空缺，并受聘负责转录标志。他将这段经历与乌苏拉·贝鲁吉 (Ursula Bellugi) 一起在索尔克研究所 (Salk Institute) 担任研究助理。他继续在波士顿大学攻读语言学研究生，但仍然参与讲故事和视频制作。在获得美国手语句子非手动标记博士学位后，他于 1996 年成为加劳德大学聋人研究系的教员。

夏洛特·贝克-申克 (Charlotte Baker-Shenk)在加州大学伯克利分校攻读语言学研究生学位时，由于她之前对非语言行为感兴趣，因此被鼓励参加手语课程。这促使她于 1975 年开始在加劳德特大学语言学研究实验室 (LRL) 与 William Stokoe 一起研究美国手语。她的论文主题是美国手语问题中非手动行为的语言功能。

1970 年，罗宾·巴蒂森 (Robbin Battison)就读于加州大学圣地亚哥分校，意外进入手语领域，当时他得到了索尔克研究所贝鲁吉实验室 (Bellugi lab) 研究助理的职位。他接下来十年的工作重点是美国手语音系学、心理语言学和神经语言学。他很幸运能够在另外两个手语研究的温床工作：加劳德学院（现为大学）和波士顿的东北大学。

布丽塔·伯格曼（Brita Bergman）在高中时就意识到了手语，当时她在一家咖啡馆度过了许多下午，咖啡馆里经常有三个手语聋哑人。1971 年，作为一名语言学学生，她参观了斯德哥尔摩的一所聋哑儿童学校，她认为学校不使用手语是没有意义的。手语立即成为她学士论文的主题，为此她首先学习了瑞典语手语的一种形式，然后继续学习瑞典手语，对这种语言的手语的子组成部分进行了首次分析。

彭妮·博耶斯·布雷姆 (Penny Boyes Braem)在获得历史学学士学位和英语教学硕士学位后，当她被要求在一所聋人学校担任临时英语代课老师时，她第一次接触到了手语。她对美国手语的好奇心促使她于 20 世纪 70 年代初前往加州大学伯克利分校攻读博士学位，其中包括在索尔克研究所的贝鲁吉实验室度过的时光。1973年永久移居瑞士后，她创办了一个私人手语研究中心，随后的大部分研究都是瑞士德语手语。

玛丽亚·克里斯蒂娜·卡塞利 (Maria Cristina Caselli)在罗马大学哲学系撰写了关于手势在听力儿童语言习得中的作用的论文。1981 年，在贝鲁吉实验室拜访她的顾问弗吉尼亚·沃尔泰拉 (Virginia Volterra) 时，她能够将一名美国聋哑儿童发出的第一个手势与她在意大利听力正常儿童身上看到的早期手势进行比较，这是她的一项研究线索。返回罗马后，她继续关注，其中包括合作研究意大利手语。

塞雷娜·科拉扎 (Serena Corazza)的父母都是聋哑人，她在的里雅斯特长大，她一生都在接触许多手语和口语/书面语言。她第一次接触语言学……