In March 1674, Hungary's Lutheran and Calvinist clergy stood collectively accused of fomenting rebellion against the Habsburgs and seeking protection from the Ottomans. A widely publicized tribunal in Pozsony (Bratislava, Pressburg) resulted in systematic expulsions, incarcerations, and the sale of forty-two pastors as galley slaves. A voluminous body of historiography has been dedicated to the victims of the tribunal and their tribulations. It is commonly assumed that the accusations against the Protestant clergy were fabricated. This article shifts the focus from martyrologies, sermons, and narratives written after the year 1674 to eyewitness accounts in inquisitorial records, letters, petitions, official reports, and military dispatches from the years leading up to the Pozsony Tribunal. These unstudied testimonies in the Hungarian and Austrian archives reveal that a significant number of pastors participated in popular resistance and revolt against a brutal Habsburg Counter Reformation. Many put their hopes in the Ottomans whom they considered protectors against the destruction of their religion. These little-known developments shed light on important larger historical realities that have been eclipsed by Habsburg and Central European historians, namely, Hungarian popular hopes for liberation from the Habsburgs by the Ottomans which culminated in two major revolts in 1670 and 1672.

1674 年 3 月，匈牙利路德教和加尔文教神职人员被集体指控煽动针对哈布斯堡王朝的叛乱并寻求奥斯曼帝国的保护。波索尼（布拉迪斯拉发、普雷斯堡）的一个广为人知的法庭导致了系统性的驱逐、监禁，并将四十二名牧师出售为厨房奴隶。大量的历史著作专门记录了法庭的受害者及其所遭受的苦难。人们普遍认为对新教神职人员的指控是捏造的。本文将焦点从 1674 年之后写的殉教记、布道和叙述转移到波兹索尼法庭审判前几年的宗教裁判所记录、信件、请愿书、官方报告和军事派遣中的目击者叙述。匈牙利和奥地利档案中这些未经研究的证词表明，大量牧师参与了反对残酷的哈布斯堡反宗教改革的民众抵抗和反抗。许多人把希望寄托在奥斯曼人身上，他们认为奥斯曼人是他们的宗教免遭毁灭的保护者。这些鲜为人知的事态发展揭示了哈布斯堡王朝和中欧历史学家所掩盖的更重要的历史现实，即匈牙利民众希望奥斯曼帝国从哈布斯堡王朝手中解放出来，最终导致 1670 年和 1672 年的两次重大叛乱。