Abstract

In this work, an estimate of the spatial distribution of NO₂ is presented starting from data measured with passive samplers in 10 locations in the municipality of Livorno in Tuscany (Italy). The data from the passive samplers were integrated with measurement campaigns carried out within the port of Livorno and with data from the fixed stations. The Municipality of Livorno is subject to pressures deriving from the emissions of the port, the heavy industry and the demographic activity (traffic and heating) of a municipality with middle/high population density (270 inhabitants/km²) for Tuscany Region. Despite the many and varied pressures, the only exceedances of the air quality limit values ​​in the last decade concerned the annual average of nitrogen oxides in the urban traffic station. However, the port makes an important contribution in terms of emissions to nitrogen oxides, therefore the main objective of this work is to represent the NO₂ levels in the urban area of ​​Livorno, highlighting the various contributions. To do this, Ordinary Kriging was carried out on the measured values ​​after removing the local trend through the use of a beta index, a method reported in the literature for Belgian network and also applied in Italy for spatial representativeness. In this work we also tried to best represent the contribution of traffic as in our data set there is a urban traffic station, with the highest NO₂ levels in Tuscany, lower only than those in the regional capital Firenze. With a very simplified method, that can be improved in future works, it was possible to estimate the effects of the port on the city in comparison with the other sources, treating the background levels separately and stratifying the levels of road traffic based on the flows of the main roads.

中文翻译：

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利沃诺港二氧化氮空气污染监测和数据空间化

摘要

在这项工作中，从使用被动采样器在托斯卡纳（意大利）利沃诺市 10 个地点测量的数据开始，对NO ₂的空间分布进行了估计。来自被动采样器的数据与在利沃诺港内进行的测量活动以及来自固定站的数据相结合。^{利沃诺市面临托斯卡纳地区中/高人口密度（270 名居民/平方公里}）的港口排放、重工业和人口活动（交通和供暖）带来的压力。尽管面临的压力多种多样，但近十年来唯一超标的还是城市交通站氮氧化物年平均值。然而，该港口在氮氧化物排放方面做出了重要贡献，因此这项工作的主要目标是代表利沃诺市区的NO _{2水平，突出各种贡献。}为此，通过使用 beta 指数消除局部趋势后，对测量值进行普通克里金法，该方法在比利时网络的文献中报道，并且也应用于意大利以实现空间代表性。_{在这项工作中，我们还试图最好地代表交通的贡献，因为在我们的数据集中有一个城市交通站，托斯卡纳的二氧化氮}水平最高，仅低于地区首府佛罗伦萨的水平。通过一种非常简化的方法（可以在未来的工作中改进），可以与其他来源相比来估计港口对城市的影响，单独处理背景水平并根据流量对道路交通水平进行分层的主要道路。