Objective To investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on development (motor, cognitive, social-emotional) in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks’ gestation, and to describe subgroups of children at risk of low PA in this cohort. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Patients 123 children born <30 weeks were recruited at birth and assessed between 4 and 5 years’ corrected age. Main outcome measures Development was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2), Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (L-DCDQ), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Fourth Edition; WPPSI-IV), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). To measure PA, children wore an accelerometer and parents completed a diary for 7 days. Effects of PA on developmental outcomes, and associations between perinatal risk factors and PA, were estimated using linear regression. Results More accelerometer-measured PA was associated with better MABC-2 aiming and catching scores (average standard score increase per hour increase in PA: 0.54, 95% CI 0.11, 0.96; p=0.013), and lower WPPSI-IV processing speed index scores (average composite score decrease per hour increase in PA: −2.36, 95% CI −4.19 to –0.53; p=0.012). Higher accelerometer-measured PA was associated with better SDQ prosocial scores. Major brain injury in the neonatal period was associated with less moderate-vigorous and less unstructured PA at 4–5 years. Conclusions Higher levels of PA are associated with aspects of motor, cognitive and social-emotional skill development in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks. Those with major brain injury in the neonatal period may be more vulnerable to low PA at preschool age. Data are available upon reasonable request. Data available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

中文翻译：

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妊娠<30周出生的学龄前儿童体力活动与发育之间的关联：一项队列研究

目的 研究体力活动 (PA) 对妊娠 30 周以下出生的 4-5 岁儿童发育（运动、认知、社交情感）的影响，并描述该队列中存在低 PA 风险的儿童亚组。设计纵向队列研究。123 名出生 <30 周的儿童在出生时被招募，并在 4 至 5 岁的校正年龄之间进行评估。主要成果指标 使用儿童运动评估电池第二版 (MABC-2)、小儿发育协调障碍问卷 (L-DCDQ)、韦克斯勒学前和小学智力量表（第四版；WPPSI-IV）和优势和困难问卷（SDQ）。为了测量 PA，孩子们佩戴加速计，家长则完成 7 天的日记。使用线性回归评估 PA 对发育结果的影响以及围产期危险因素与 PA 之间的关联。结果 加速计测量的 PA 越多，MABC-2 瞄准和接球得分越高（PA 每小时增加平均标准分增加：0.54，95% CI 0.11，0.96；p=0.013），以及较低的 WPPSI-IV 处理速度指数分数（PA 每小时增加平均综合分数减少：-2.36，95% CI -4.19 至 –0.53；p=0.012）。加速度计测量的 PA 越高，SDQ 亲社会得分越高。新生儿期的严重脑损伤与 4-5 岁时中等强度和非结构化 PA 的程度较低有关。结论 较高水平的 PA 与出生 <30 周的 4-5 岁儿童的运动、认知和社交情感技能发展相关。新生儿期患有严重脑损伤的人在学龄前可能更容易出现低 PA。数据可根据合理要求提供。可根据相应作者的合理要求提供数据。