Background:Human milk is essential for a child’s best development. However, what a mother eats while breastfeeding can directly influence the composition of mother’s milk.Research Aim:This study aimed to assess the antioxidant-oxidant profile of human milk and establish a connection between this profile and the dietary habits of the mothers.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), located in the municipality of Vila Velha-ES, Brazil. The sample included 98 participants. All volunteers completed a structured interview and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Approximately 5–10 ml of colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were manually collected. The antioxidant activity of human milk was assessed using the colorimetric method for free radical scavenging with 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde concentration, evaluating advanced oxidation protein products, and assessing total protein content using the Bradford method.Results:The antioxidant profile of colostrum was higher than that observed in later phases of milk, whereas pro-oxidants increased in later phases. Maternal dietary patterns influenced the pro-oxidant status of human milk. Participants with a higher daily intake of milk, dairy products, vegetable oils, olive oils, and legumes exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk, respectively.Conclusions:Our study highlights the vital role of a balanced maternal diet in shaping the pro-oxidant status of human milk, with implications for infant health.

中文翻译：

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母亲饮食模式对母乳促氧化和抗氧化状态的影响

背景：母乳对于儿童的最佳发育至关重要。然而，母亲在母乳喂养期间吃的东西会直接影响母乳的成分。研究目的：本研究旨在评估母乳的抗氧化成分，并建立该成分与母亲饮食习惯之间的联系。方法：一项横断面研究是在巴西 Vila Velha-ES 市的 Alzir Bernardino Alves 婴儿和产妇医院 (HIMABA) 进行的。样本包括 98 名参与者。所有志愿者都完成了结构化访谈和食物频率调查问卷。手动收集大约 5–10 ml 初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳。使用 2,2'-联氮双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸清除自由基的比色法评估了母乳的抗氧化活性。通过丙二醛浓度测量脂质过氧化、评估高级氧化蛋白质产物以及使用 Bradford 方法评估总蛋白质含量来确定氧化应激。结果：初乳的抗氧化特征高于牛奶后期观察到的抗氧化特征，而促氧化剂后期阶段有所增加。母亲的饮食模式影响母乳的促氧化状态。每日摄入牛奶、乳制品、植物油、橄榄油和豆类较多的参与者，初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳中的脂质过氧化水平分别较低。结论：我们的研究强调了平衡的母亲的重要作用饮食塑造母乳的促氧化状态，对婴儿健康具有影响。