The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have risen over the last few decades worldwide, resulting in a cost burden to healthcare systems and increasingly complex procedures. Among many strategies for treating heart diseases, treating arrhythmias using cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been shown to improve quality of life and reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death. The battery-powered CIEDs have the inherent challenge of regular battery replacements depending upon energy usage for their programmed tasks. Nanogenerator-based energy harvesters have been extensively studied, developed, and optimized continuously in recent years to overcome this challenge owing to their merits of self-powering abilities and good biocompatibility. Although these nanogenerators and others currently used in energy harvesters, such as biofuel cells (BFCs) exhibit an infinite spectrum of uses for this novel technology, their demerits should not be dismissed. Despite the emergence of Qi wireless power transfer (WPT) has revolutionized the technological world, its application in CIEDs has yet to be studied well. This review outlines the working principles and applications of currently employed energy harvesters to provide a preliminary exploration of CIEDs based on Qi WPT, which may be a promising technology for the next generation of functionalized CIEDs.

中文翻译：

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为未来提供动力：探索自充电心脏植入电子设备和 Qi 革命

过去几十年来，全球心血管疾病 (CVD) 的发病率和患病率不断上升，给医疗保健系统带来了成本负担，程序也日益复杂。在治疗心脏病的众多策略中，使用心脏植入式电子设备（CIED）治疗心律失常已被证明可以改善生活质量并降低心源性猝死的发生率。电池供电的 CIED 面临着定期更换电池的固有挑战，具体取决于其编程任务的能源使用情况。近年来，基于纳米发电机的能量收集器凭借其自供电能力和良好的生物相容性的优点，得到了广泛的研究、开发和不断优化，以克服这一挑战。尽管这些纳米发电机和目前用于能量收集器的其他发电机，例如生物燃料电池（BFC），展示了这种新技术的无限用途，但它们的缺点不应被忽视。尽管 Qi 无线充电 (WPT) 的出现彻底改变了技术世界，但其在 CIED 中的应用仍有待深入研究。本综述概述了当前使用的能量收集器的工作原理和应用，为基于 Qi WPT 的 CIED 提供了初步探索，这可能是下一代功能化 CIED 的一项有前途的技术。