Impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity are often projected with species distribution modelling using standardized data layers representing physical, chemical and biological conditions of the global ocean. Yet, the available data layers (1) have not been updated to incorporate data of the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which comprise the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios; (2) consider a limited number of Earth System Models (ESMs), and (3) miss important variables expected to influence future biodiversity distributions. These limitations might undermine biodiversity impact assessments, by failing to integrate them within the context of the most up-to-date climate change projections, raising the uncertainty in estimates and misinterpreting the exposure of biodiversity to extreme conditions. Here, we provide a significant update of Bio-ORACLE, extending biologically relevant data layers from present-day conditions to the end of the 21st century Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios based on a multi-model ensemble with data from CMIP6. Alongside, we provide R and Python packages for seamless integration in modelling workflows. The data layers aim to enhance the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and to support well-informed research, conservation and management.

中文翻译：

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生物ORACLE v3.0。将海洋数据层推向气候变化研究的 CMIP6 地球系统模型

气候变化对海洋生物多样性的影响通常通过物种分布模型来预测，该模型使用代表全球海洋物理、化学和生物条件的标准化数据层。然而，可用数据层 (1) 尚未更新以纳入耦合模型比较项目 (CMIP6) 第六阶段的数据，其中包括共享社会经济路径 (SSP) 情景；(2) 考虑有限数量的地球系统模型 (ESM)，并且 (3) 遗漏了预计会影响未来生物多样性分布的重要变量。这些限制可能会破坏生物多样性影响评估，因为无法将其纳入最新的气候变化预测的背景下，增加估计的不确定性并误解生物多样性在极端条件下的暴露程度。在这里，我们提供了 Bio-ORACLE 的重大更新，将生物相关数据层从当前条件扩展到 21 世纪末共享社会经济路径场景，该场景基于包含 CMIP6 数据的多模型集成。此外，我们还提供 R 和 Python 包，以便在建模工作流程中无缝集成。数据层旨在加强对气候变化对生物多样性潜在影响的了解，并支持信息灵通的研究、保护和管理。