Abstract

The paper analyzes the trends in the average monthly concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the period from 2005 to 2021 in 18 large cities in different geographical areas: St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv, Donetsk, Helsinki, Warsaw, Istanbul, Athens, Rome, Milan, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London, and Amsterdam. It was found that, in all cities, the concentration of this gas decreases, but at different rates. The highest rate of change was recorded in cities with the highest gas content at the time of the initial stage—2005. A linear dependence of the average nitrogen dioxide concentration on the population and anthropogenic emissions was revealed according to HTAPv3 data. Approximately every 1 million people of the population of large cities is responsible for the formation of a gas concentration of ∼200 × 10¹⁵ molecules/cm², regardless of the geographical location of the city. Every ∼10 000 t/month of nitrogen dioxide emissions based on HTAPv3 generate gas concentrations of ∼500 × 10¹⁵ molecules/cm². Using these dependences, it is possible to estimate anthropogenic emissions of NO₂ sources throughout the country, based on remote sensing data. The results of the study also indicate the possibility of verifying and correcting inventory databases of gas emissions based on satellite observations of the nitrogen dioxide content in the atmosphere.

中文翻译：

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利用卫星数据监测欧洲和俄罗斯城市大气中的二氧化氮含量

摘要

该论文分析了2005年至2021年期间不同地理区域18个大城市的二氧化氮月均浓度趋势：圣彼得堡、莫斯科、基辅、顿涅茨克、赫尔辛基、华沙、伊斯坦布尔、雅典、罗马、米兰、巴塞罗那、马德里、巴黎、伦敦和阿姆斯特丹。研究发现，在所有城市中，这种气体的浓度都在下降，但下降的速度不同。变化率最高的城市是在初始阶段——2005年，气体含量最高的城市。根据 HTAPv3 数据揭示了平均二氧化氮浓度与人口和人为排放量的线性相关性。无论城市的地理位置如何，大城市人口中大约每 100 万人就会形成~200 × 10 ¹⁵分子/cm ^{2的气体浓度。}基于 HTAPv3 的二氧化氮每排放约 10 000 吨/月，就会产生约 500 × 10 ¹⁵ 分子/cm ²的气体浓度。利用这些依赖性，可以根据遥感数据估算全国NO _{2源的人为排放量。}研究结果还表明，可以根据卫星对大气中二氧化氮含量的观测来验证和纠正气体排放清单数据库。