Macrophages are innate immune cells that play key roles during both homeostasis and disease. Depending on the microenvironmental cues sensed in different tissues, macrophages are known to acquire specific phenotypes and exhibit unique features that, ultimately, orchestrate tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair. Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages are referred to as tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and constitute a heterogeneous population. Like their tissue resident counterpart, TAMs are plastic and can switch function and phenotype according to the niche‐derived stimuli sensed. While changes in TAM phenotype are known to be accompanied by adaptive alterations in their cell metabolism, it is reported that metabolic reprogramming of macrophages can dictate their activation state and function. In line with these observations, recent research efforts have been focused on defining the metabolic traits of TAM subsets in different tumor malignancies and understanding their role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. This knowledge will pave the way to novel therapeutic strategies tailored to cancer subtype‐specific metabolic landscapes. This review outlines the metabolic characteristics of distinct TAM subsets and their implications in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types.

中文翻译：

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从单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞到常驻巨噬细胞——新陈代谢如何在癌症中发挥作用

巨噬细胞是先天免疫细胞，在体内平衡和疾病过程中发挥关键作用。根据不同组织中感知到的微环境线索，巨噬细胞会获得特定的表型并表现出独特的特征，最终协调组织的稳态、防御和修复。在肿瘤微环境中，巨噬细胞被称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）并构成异质群体。与它们的组织驻留对应物一样，TAM 是可塑的，可以根据感应到的生态位衍生刺激来切换功能和表型。虽然已知 TAM 表型的变化伴随着细胞代谢的适应性改变，但据报道，巨噬细胞的代谢重编程可以决定它们的激活状态和功能。根据这些观察结果，最近的研究工作重点是定义不同肿瘤恶性肿瘤中 TAM 亚群的代谢特征，并了解它们在癌症进展和转移形成中的作用。这些知识将为针对癌症亚型特异性代谢环境量身定制的新型治疗策略铺平道路。本综述概述了不同 TAM 子集的代谢特征及其对多种癌症类型肿瘤发生的影响。