The ectomycorrhizal fungi Vittad. and Vittad. produce highly valuable truffles, but little is known about the soil fungal communities associated with these truffle species in places where they co-occur. Here, we compared soil fungal communities present in wild and planted truffle sites, in which and coexist, in Mediterranean and temperate regions over three sampling seasons spanning from 2018 to 2019. We showed that soil fungal community composition and ectomycorrhizal species composition are driven by habitat type rather than climate regions. Also, we observed the influence of soil pH, organic matter content and C:N ratio structuring total and ectomycorrhizal fungal assemblages. Soil fungal communities in wild sites revealed more compositional variability than those of plantations. Greater soil fungal diversity was found in temperate compared to Mediterranean sites when considering all fungal guilds. Ectomycorrhizal diversity was significantly higher in wild sites compared to plantations. Greater mould abundance at wild sites than those on plantation was observed while tree species and seasonal effects were not significant predictors in fungal community structure. Our results suggested a strong influence of both ecosystem age and management on the fungal taxa composition in truffle habitats.

中文翻译：

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对于构建松露地土壤真菌群落而言，栖息地比气候更重要

外生菌根真菌Vittad。和维塔德。产生高价值的松露，但人们对这些松露物种共生地的土壤真菌群落知之甚少。在这里，我们比较了 2018 年至 2019 年三个采样季节中地中海和温带地区的野生和种植松露地点存在的土壤真菌群落，这些地点和种植松露地点共存。我们表明，土壤真菌群落组成和外生菌根物种组成是由栖息地驱动的类型而不是气候区域。此外，我们还观察了土壤 pH 值、有机质含量和 C:N 比对总菌根和外生菌根真菌组合结构的影响。野生地点的土壤真菌群落比种植​​园的土壤真菌群落显示出更多的成分变异性。当考虑所有真菌群时，与地中海地区相比，温带地区的土壤真菌多样性更高。与种植园相比，野生地区的外生菌根多样性显着更高。观察到野生地点的霉菌丰度高于人工林，而树种和季节影响并不是真菌群落结构的显着预测因子。我们的结果表明，生态系统年龄和管理对松露栖息地的真菌类群组成都有很大影响。