Abstract

Purpose of Review

HIV reservoirs are the main barrier to cure. CD4+ T cells have been extensively studied as the primary HIV-1 reservoir. However, there is substantial evidence that HIV-1-infected myeloid cells (monocytes/macrophages) also contribute to viral persistence and pathogenesis.

Recent Findings

Recent studies in animal models and people with HIV-1 demonstrate that myeloid cells are cellular reservoirs of HIV-1. HIV-1 genomes and viral RNA have been reported in circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages from the brain, urethra, gut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, viral outgrowth assays have quantified persistent infectious virus from monocyte-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages.

Summary

The myeloid cell compartment represents an important target of HIV-1 infection. While myeloid reservoirs may be more difficult to measure than CD4+ T cell reservoirs, they are long-lived, contribute to viral persistence, and, unless specifically targeted, will prevent an HIV-1 cure.

中文翻译：

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HIV-1 骨髓库——病毒持久性和发病机制的贡献者

摘要

审查目的

艾滋病毒储存库是治愈的主要障碍。CD4+ T 细胞作为主要的 HIV-1 储存库已被广泛研究。然而，有大量证据表明，HIV-1 感染的骨髓细胞（单核细胞/巨噬细胞）也有助于病毒的持续存在和发病机制。

最近的发现

最近对动物模型和 HIV-1 感染者的研究表明，骨髓细胞是 HIV-1 的细胞储存库。据报道，大脑、尿道、肠道、肝脏和脾脏的循环单核细胞和组织驻留巨噬细胞中存在 HIV-1 基因组和病毒 RNA。重要的是，病毒生长测定已经量化了来自单核细胞源性巨噬细胞和组织驻留巨噬细胞的持续感染性病毒。

概括

骨髓细胞区室是 HIV-1 感染的重要目标。虽然骨髓储库可能比 CD4+ T 细胞储库更难测量，但它们寿命较长，有助于病毒持续存在，并且除非有针对性，否则会阻止 HIV-1 治愈。