Scheduling workload is a demand response strategy for data centers to reshape electricity usage, which provides an opportunity for them to utilize renewable energy. Enhancing the flexibility of workload scheduling would promote the data center to integrate renewable energy. Considering that the improvement of flexibility in workload scheduling is tightly related to the Quality of Service (QoS) required by IT consumers (ITCs), it becomes desirable for the data center to collaborate with them to further facilitate renewable energy integration in demand response programs. This paper proposes a QoS-based bi-level demand response model for the data center, where game theory is adopted to resolve the conflict of interest in the collaboration between the data center and ITCs. At the upper level, the data center is a leader who provides differential monetary incentives to ITCs while dispatching workload to integrate renewable energy. At the lower level, ITCs act as followers who adjust the workload's QoS to enhance the flexibility of workload scheduling. Simulation results show that the proposed model can decrease the operating cost of the data center while increasing the utilization of renewable energy. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

中文翻译：

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基于QoS的数据中心双层需求响应促进可再生能源并网

调度工作负载是数据中心重塑用电的需求响应策略，为数据中心利用可再生能源提供了机会。增强工作负载调度的灵活性将促进数据中心整合可再生能源。考虑到工作负载调度灵活性的提高与IT消费者（ITC）所需的服务质量（QoS）密切相关，数据中心有必要与其合作，进一步促进可再生能源在需求响应计划中的整合。本文提出了一种基于QoS的数据中心双层需求响应模型，利用博弈论解决数据中心与ITC协作中的利益冲突。在上层，数据中心是一个领导者，为ITC提供差异化​​的货币激励，同时调度工作量来整合可再生能源。在较低级别，ITC充当跟随者，调整工作负载的QoS以增强工作负载调度的灵活性。仿真结果表明，该模型可以降低数据中心的运营成本，同时提高可再生能源的利用率。 © 2024 日本电气工程师协会和 Wiley periodicals LLC。