The timescales of the dynamics of a system depend on the combination of the timescales of its components and of its transmission delays between components. Here, we combine experimental stimulation data from 10 studies in macaque monkeys that reveal the timing of excitatory and inhibitory events in the basal ganglia circuit, to estimate its set of transmission delays. In doing so, we reveal possible inconsistencies in the existing data, calling for replications, and we propose two possible sets of transmission delays. We then integrate these delays in a model of the primate basal ganglia that does not rely on direct and indirect pathways' segregation and show that extrastriatal dopaminergic depletion in the external part of the globus pallidus and in the subthalamic nucleus is sufficient to generate β-band oscillations (in the high part, 20–35 Hz, of the band). More specifically, we show that D2 and D5 dopamine receptors in these nuclei play opposing roles in the emergence of these oscillations, thereby explaining how completely deactivating D5 receptors in the subthalamic nucleus can, paradoxically, cancel oscillations.

中文翻译：

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猕猴基底神经节传输延迟的估计以及多巴胺消耗下振荡活动的后续预测

系统动力学的时间尺度取决于其组件的时间尺度以及组件之间的传输延迟的组合。在这里，我们结合了 10 项猕猴研究的实验刺激数据，这些数据揭示了基底神经节回路中兴奋性和抑制性事件的时间，以估计其传输延迟集。在此过程中，我们揭示了现有数据中可能存在的不一致，要求进行复制，并提出了两组可能的传输延迟。然后，我们将这些延迟整合到不依赖于直接和间接通路分离的灵长类基底神经节模型中，并表明苍白球外部和丘脑底核中的纹状体外多巴胺能消耗足以产生β带振荡（频段的高部分，20-35 Hz）。更具体地说，我们发现这些核中的 D2 和 D5 多巴胺受体在这些振荡的出现中发挥着相反的作用，从而解释了完全失活底丘脑核中的 D5 受体如何能够相反地消除振荡。