Abstract

The problem of addiction to psychoactive substances, such as alcohol and other drugs, has been addressed in psychiatry traditionally from the perspective of a mechanistic-reductionist epistemological model, whose main focus in clinical care is to avoid or suppress the use of these substances, rather than understanding the meaning of a treatment and the meaning of the alterations of consciousness produced by these addictive substances. This paper attempts to contribute towards overcoming this epistemological perspective from the perspective of phenomenological psychopathology. In the first part of the article, the main characteristics of phenomenology and its incorporation into the field of mental health will be presented. Then the issue of addiction will be analysed from two ways of understanding it: the mechanistic-reductionist model and the phenomenological dialectical model. Finally, the pragmatic consequences of the dialectical perspective of phenomenology, called Dialectical Phenomenology (DPh), which seeks to enrich the diagnostic process in the mental health clinic, allowing scientific diagnoses to approach the complexities of clinical reality, will be presented.

中文翻译：

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成瘾辩证法：对成瘾者临床护理的精神病理学丰富理解

摘要

传统上，精神病学从机械还原论认识论模型的角度来解决对精神活性物质（例如酒精和其他药物）成瘾的问题，其临床护理的主要重点是避免或抑制这些物质的使用，而不是使用这些物质。而不是理解治疗的意义以及这些成瘾物质所产生的意识改变的意义。本文试图从现象学精神病理学的角度为克服这种认识论观点做出贡献。在文章的第一部分，将介绍现象学的主要特征及其与心理健康领域的结合。然后从机械还原论模型和现象学辩证模型两种理解方式来分析成瘾问题。最后，将介绍现象学辩证视角的实用后果，称为辩证现象学（DPh），旨在丰富心理健康诊所的诊断过程，使科学诊断能够接近临床现实的复杂性。