Abstract

In map production it is necessary to keep the spatial relationships between map features. Generalization is simplification performed on geographical data when decreasing its representation scale. It is a common practice to simplify each type of spatial features independently (administrative boundaries first, then road network, hydrographic network, etc.). During the process, some spatial conflicts, which require manual correction, arise inevitably. The generalization automation still remains an open issue for data producers and users. Many researchers are working to achieve a higher level of automation. In order to detect the spatial conflicts, a refined description of spatial relationships is needed. This paper analyzes models of describing topological relationships of spatial features: the 9-intersections model, the topological chain model, and the E-WID model. Each considered model allows one to take into account some relations between features, but it does not make it possible to transfer them exactly. As a result, the task of developing a model of relations preserving topology is relevant. We have proposed an improved model of nine intersections, which takes into account the topological conflict that occurs when a point feature is located next to a simplified line. Line simplification is one of the most requested actions in map production and generalization. When the mesh covered the map inside the cell, there can be points, line segments, and polygon topological features, which, if the cell is rather small, are polyline features. Thus, the issue of simplification of topological features within a cell is reduced to the issue of simplifying linear features (polylines). The developed algorithm is planned to be used to solve the problem of consistent generalization of spatial data. The ideas outlined in this article will form the basis of a new index of spatial data that preserves their topological relationships.

中文翻译：

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空间特征拓扑关系模型研究

摘要

在地图制作中，需要保持地图要素之间的空间关系。概括是在减小地理数据的表示比例时对地理数据进行的简化。通常的做法是独立简化每种类型的空间特征（首先是行政边界，然后是道路网、水文网络等）。在此过程中，不可避免地会出现一些空间冲突，需要手动校正。对于数据生产者和用户来说，泛化自动化仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。许多研究人员正在努力实现更高水平的自动化。为了检测空间冲突，需要对空间关系进行精细描述。分析了描述空间要素拓扑关系的模型：九交模型、拓扑链模型、E-WID模型。每个考虑的模型都允许考虑特征之间的某些关系，但它不能准确地转移它们。因此，开发保留拓扑关系的模型的任务是相关的。我们提出了九个交叉点的改进模型，该模型考虑了当点要素位于简化线旁边时发生的拓扑冲突。线路简化是地图制作和概括中最需要的操作之一。当网格覆盖单元内的地图时，可以存在点、线段和多边形拓扑特征，如果单元相当小，则这些拓扑特征是折线特征。因此，单元内拓扑特征的简化问题被简化为线性特征（折线）的简化问题。所开发的算法计划用于解决空间数据的一致泛化问题。本文概述的想法将构成保留其拓扑关系的新空间数据索引的基础。