Women’s fear has been explained as rooted in fears of sexual assault—a phenomenon known as the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis. The current study extends this hypothesis to examine whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons’ fear of hate crimes is shadowed by fears of sexual assault. Results indicate that bisexual and transgender persons express greater fear of hate crimes relative to others. This fear is explained by their fear of sexual assault—supporting the shadow hypothesis for bisexual and transgender persons. Findings suggest the importance of fear of sexual assault in explaining sexual and gender minorities’ fear of hate crimes.

中文翻译：

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扩展性侵犯假说的阴影：女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者对性暴力和仇恨犯罪的恐惧

女性的恐惧被解释为源于对性侵犯的恐惧——这种现象被称为性侵犯假说的阴影。目前的研究扩展了这一假设，以检验女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性者对仇恨犯罪的恐惧是否被对性侵犯的恐惧所掩盖。结果表明，双性恋和跨性别者相对于其他人对仇恨犯罪表现出更大的恐惧。这种恐惧可以用他们对性侵犯的恐惧来解释——支持双性恋和跨性别者的影子假说。调查结果表明，对性侵犯的恐惧对于解释性少数群体对仇恨犯罪的恐惧具有重要意义。