The paper analyzes the current state of the grain transportation freight car fleet. The results of the analysis show that grain rail cars have exhausted their initially assigned service life, which is set by the manufacturer, and have the same type of defects in load-bearing structures in the area of the riveted joint of the backstop of the car hitch to the girder beam. A 3D model of a grain rail car of a typical design was developed. The stress distribution near the holes of the riveted joint of the backstop of the car hitch with the girder beam under the simultaneous action of normative forces was calculated by the finite element method using the SolidWorks program according to the 3rd theory of strength by the established design modes I and III. Implementing the proposed improvement justified the need to conduct relevant research work. These works included the study of the places and causes of cracks, and their result became the basis for the proposed modernization of the car frame.

文章分析了粮食运输货车车队的现状。分析结果表明，粮轨车已经达到了制造商设定的初始使用寿命，并且车体逆止器铆接处的承重结构存在相同类型的缺陷。挂在梁上。开发了典型设计的谷物轨道车 3D 模型。根据既定设计，采用SolidWorks程序，根据第三强度理论，采用有限元法计算了标准力同时作用下汽车挂钩逆止器与梁梁铆接处孔附近的应力分布模式 I 和 III。实施拟议的改进证明有必要开展相关研究工作。这些工作包括对裂缝的位置和原因的研究，其结果成为拟议的车架现代化的基础。