Microplastics have been noticed as widespread in an aquatic environment at the microscale. They have nonstop increased due to the increase in the production of synthetic plastics, population and poor waste management. They are ubiquitous in nature and slowly degrade in water and soil. They are emerging pollutants that have received interest from public audiences and research communities. They have great stability and can adsorb various other pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, etc. After entering the freshwater environment, microplastics can be stored in the tissue of organisms and stay for a long time. They can generate a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems and can cause physical damage to organisms. Visual identification, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Pyro–GC–MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and combined methods are the commonly known methods for the quantification and identification of microplastics. The detected concentration of microplastics depends on the sampling method, locations and identification techniques. The authors assessed the sources, transport, impacts, identification and characterization, and treatment of microplastics in freshwater environments in detail. The authors are also giving some recommendations for the minimization of the MPs from the freshwater environment. This review article will provide the baseline facts for the investigators to do more research on microplastic pollution in the future.

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微塑料污染，对淡水环境的新威胁：系统评价

人们注意到微塑料在微观尺度的水生环境中广泛存在。由于合成塑料产量的增加、人口的增加和废物管理不善，它们不断增加。它们在自然界中无处不在，并在水和土壤中缓慢降解。它们是新兴污染物，引起了公众和研究界的兴趣。它们具有很大的稳定性，可以吸附农药、重金属等多种其他污染物。进入淡水环境后，微塑料可以储存在生物体组织中并长期停留。它们会对淡水生态系统造成严重威胁，并对生物体造成物理损害。目视鉴定、拉曼光谱、热解-气相色谱-质谱（Pyro-GC-MS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和组合方法是常用的定量和鉴定方法。微塑料。检测到的微塑料浓度取决于采样方法、地点和识别技术。作者详细评估了淡水环境中微塑料的来源、运输、影响、识别和表征以及处理。作者还就尽量减少淡水环境中的 MP 提出了一些建议。这篇综述文章将为研究人员今后对微塑料污染进行更多研究提供基线事实。