Background: drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) fail to exhibit efficacy in clinical trials for a number of reasons, a major one being blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Meanwhile, the increasing incidence of this disease emphasizes the need for effective therapeutics. Herein, we discuss novel nanoplatform technologies developed for the effective delivery of AD drugs by traversing the BBB. Main text: the interfacial and surface chemistry of nanomaterials is utilized in several industries, including pharmaceutical, and has drawn considerable attention in the field of nanotechnology. Various reports have suggested the potential of nanotechnology for AD treatment, describing unique drug carriers that improve drug stability and solubility while maintaining therapeutic dosages. These nanotechnologies are harnessed for the transport of drugs across the BBB, with or without surface modifications. We also discuss the transfer of drugs via the nose-to-brain pathway, as intranasal delivery enables direct drug distribution in the brain. In addition, nanomaterial modifications that prolong drug delivery and improve safety following intranasal administration are addressed. Conclusion: although several studies have yielded promising results, limited efforts have been undertaken to translate research findings into clinical contexts. Nevertheless, nanomaterials hold considerable potential for the development of novel effective therapeutic solutions against AD.

中文翻译：

---

基于纳米技术的通过鼻内途径和血脑屏障传递治疗药物以治疗阿尔茨海默病

背景：治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的药物由于多种原因未能在临床试验中表现出疗效，其中一个主要原因是血脑屏障（BBB）通透性。与此同时，这种疾病发病率的增加强调了对有效治疗方法的需求。在此，我们讨论了为通过穿过 BBB 有效递送 AD 药物而开发的新型纳米平台技术。正文：纳米材料的界面和表面化学应用于包括制药在内的多个行业，并在纳米技术领域引起了相当大的关注。各种报告表明纳米技术在 AD 治疗中的潜力，描述了独特的药物载体，可以在维持治疗剂量的同时提高药物稳定性和溶解度。这些纳米技术可用于在经过或不经过表面修饰的情况下跨血脑屏障运输药物。我们还讨论了药物通过鼻子到大脑途径的转移，因为鼻内输送可以使药物直接分布在大脑中。此外，还对纳米材料进行了修饰，以延长药物输送并提高鼻内给药后的安全性。结论：虽然一些研究取得了有希望的结果，但将研究结果转化为临床的努力有限。尽管如此，纳米材料在开发针对 AD 的新型有效治疗方案方面具有巨大的潜力。