Electrochemical C–C and C–N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules, such as CO₂ and nitrogen-containing species, are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO₂ reduction products. The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction, along with the coupling mechanisms of C–C and C–N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed. The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed, aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO₂ reduction systems.

中文翻译：

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C-C和C-N耦合电催化CO2转化的综述

电化学C-C和C-N偶联反应以及丰富且廉价的小分子（例如CO ₂和含氮物质）的转化被认为是增加CO ₂还原产物价值的有前途的途径。高性能催化剂的开发是这两种电催化反应的关键。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了电催化CO ₂还原的反应体系，以及最近开发的优秀电催化材料上的C-C和C-N键的耦合机制。还将讨论与偶联相关的关键中间体物种和反应路径以及催化剂-结构关系，旨在为设计高效的CO ₂还原系统提供见解和指导。