Solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) are emerging as one of the promising energy storage devices due to their high safety, superior power density, and excellent cycling life. However, performance degradation and safety issues under extreme conditions are the main challenges for the practical application. With the expansion of human activities, such as space missions, polar exploration, and so on, the investigation of SSC with wide temperature tolerance, high energy density, power density, and sustainability is highly desired. In this review, the effects of temperature on SSC are systematically illustrated and clarified, including the properties of the electrolyte, ion diffusion, and reaction dynamics of the supercapacitor. Subsequently, we summarize the recent advances in wide-temperature-range SSCs from the aspect of electrolyte modification, electrode design, and interface adjustment between electrode and electrolyte, especially with critical concerns on ionic conductivity and cycling stability. In the end, a perspective is presented, expecting to promote the practical application of the SSC in harsh conditions.

中文翻译：

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宽温度范围固态超级电容器的设计策略和最新进展

固态超级电容器（SSC）因其高安全性、卓越的功率密度和优异的循环寿命而成为最有前途的储能器件之一。然而，极端条件下的性能下降和安全问题是实际应用的主要挑战。随着人类活动的扩展，如太空任务、极地探索等，人们迫切需要研究具有宽温度耐受性、高能量密度、功率密度和可持续性的SSC。在这篇综述中，系统地阐述和阐明了温度对SSC的影响，包括电解质的性质、离子扩散和超级电容器的反应动力学。随后，我们从电解质改性、电极设计以及电极与电解质之间的界面调整等方面总结了宽温度范围SSC的最新进展，特别是对离子电导率和循环稳定性的关键关注。最后提出了展望，期望能促进SSC在恶劣条件下的实际应用。