In this paper, the aim is to explore how there can be a role for expression of affect in illocution, drawing upon some ideas about expression put forward by Karl Bühler. In a first part of the paper, I map some active discussions and open questions surrounding phenomena that seem to involve “expression of affect”. Second, I home in on a smaller piece of that larger puzzle; namely, a consideration of how there may be non-conventional expression of affect. I provide some examples of what I take that to involve and set out some premises for approaching it. In a third section, I motivate such an interest by pointing to a question in speech act theory concerning ‘force conventionalism’. This is whether and how illocution can be performed non-conventionally—that is, whether (at least some) utterances can be communicated with illocutionary force without need of convention. I propose that where expression of affect may occur non-conventionally, it may in turn constitute one important route through which at least some kinds of illocution are achieved. In the fourth part of the paper, I sketch an account of such non-conventional expression of affect for the purposes of illocution, by exploring a broadly Bühlerian account of some affects; namely, that some affects are teleological in character, that coordinations may be involved in their satisfactional states, and that uptake of the expressed affect constitutes one subset of such satisfactional states. That exposition points to the contemporary relevance of the “action theory of expression” proposed by Bühler.

本文的目的是借鉴卡尔·布勒 (Karl Bühler) 提出的一些关于表达的想法，探讨情感表达如何在以言表达中发挥作用。在本文的第一部分，我列出了一些围绕似乎涉及“情感表达”的现象的活跃讨论和开放问题。其次，我专注于更大拼图中的一小部分；即，考虑如何进行非传统的情感表达。我提供了一些我认为涉及的例子，并提出了一些实现它的前提。在第三部分中，我通过指出言语行为理论中有关“强制约定主义”的问题来激发这种兴趣。这就是是否以及如何以非常规方式进行言外之意，即（至少某些）话语是否可以在不需要惯例的情况下以言外之力进行传达。我认为，在情感表达可能以非常规方式发生的地方，它反过来可能构成一条重要途径，通过该途径至少可以实现某些类型的言外之意。在本文的第四部分中，我通过探索布勒对某些情感的广泛解释，概述了这种以言说为目的的非常规情感表达；也就是说，某些情感在性质上是目的论的，协调可能涉及其满意状态，并且对所表达的情感的吸收构成了此类满意状态的一个子集。这一论述指出了布勒提出的“表达的行动理论”的当代意义。