While Schelling’s anticipation of Freudian psychoanalysis is well established, it has thus far gone unnoticed that Schelling’s ideas also proved fruitful in the context of a distinctively philosophical theory of the psyche developed by a younger contemporary of Freud. During the 1920s Helmuth Plessner, a key figure of philosophical anthropology, outlined a complex conception of the psyche as an individualized, inner region of reality. Although Plessner did not present his philosophical psychology in a systematic form, its building blocks can be found in The Unity of the Senses, The Limits of Community, and Levels of Organic Life and the Human, among other writings. Moreover, Plessner left a clue as to how these building blocks fit together, which suggests that Plessner viewed his philosophical psychology as structurally analogous to the model of personality outlined in Schelling’s 1809 treatise on human freedom. I propose that Plessner sought to formulate an alternative to both idealism and realism about the psyche that might reconcile the insights motivating these rival positions. Schelling provided Plessner with a workable model for such a reconciliation. After reviewing textual evidence for my hypothesis, I sketch Schelling’s predecessor theory. Based on the Schellingian template, I then reconstruct Plessner’s non-reductively naturalistic theory of the psyche, which aligns the real bodily ground of the psyche with its ideal existence. Highlighting the strengths of Plessner’s philosophical psychology against the foil of Paul Ricoeur’s and John McDowell’s relevant arguments, I argue that the theory reconstructed here deserves contemporary consideration as a plausible contender.

虽然谢林对弗洛伊德精神分析的预期已广为人知，但迄今为止，人们没有注意到谢林的思想在弗洛伊德的年轻当代人所发展的独特的心理哲学理论的背景下也被证明是富有成效的。20 年代，哲学人类学的关键人物赫尔穆斯·普莱斯纳 (Helmuth Plessner) 概述了一个复杂的概念，即心灵是现实的个体化的内部区域。尽管普莱斯纳没有以系统的形式呈现他的哲学心理学，但它的基石可以在《感官的统一》、《共同体的极限》、《有机生命和人类的层次》等著作中找到。此外，普莱斯纳留下了关于这些构件如何组合在一起的线索，这表明普莱斯纳认为他的哲学心理学在结构上类似于谢林 1809 年关于人类自由的论文中概述的人格模型。我认为普莱斯纳试图制定一种关于心灵的理想主义和现实主义的替代方案，以调和激发这些对立立场的见解。谢林为普莱斯纳提供了一个可行的协调模型。在回顾了我的假设的文本证据后，我概述了谢林的前身理论。基于谢林模板，我重建了普莱斯纳的非还原性自然主义心理理论，该理论将心理的真实身体基础与其理想存在结合起来。强调普莱斯纳哲学心理学的优势，反对保罗·利科和约翰·麦克道尔的相关论点，我认为这里重建的理论值得当代考虑，作为一个看似合理的竞争者。