Abstract

Purpose of Review

This narrative review explores food allergy prevalence and natural history stratified by life stages, especially in context of evolving knowledge over the last few decades.

Recent Findings

The prevalence of food allergy remains highest in early childhood with common food triggers being cow’s milk, soy, hen’s egg, wheat, peanut, tree nuts, sesame, fish, and shellfish. This correlates with certain risk factors especially pertinent in the postnatal period which appear to predispose an individual to developing a food allergy. Some allergies (such as milk and egg) were previously thought to be easily outgrown in early life; however, recent studies suggest increasing rates of persistence of these allergies into young adulthood; the reason behind this is unknown. Despite this, there is also evidence demonstrating that food allergies can be outgrown in adolescents and adults.

Summary

An understanding of the paradigm shifts in the natural history of food allergy allows clinicians to provide updated, age-appropriate, and tailored advice for patients on the management and prognosis of food allergy.

中文翻译：

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儿童和成人食物过敏的自然史和危险因素

摘要

审查目的

这篇叙述性评论探讨了按生命阶段分层的食物过敏患病率和自然史，特别是在过去几十年知识不断发展的背景下。

最近的发现

儿童早期食物过敏的患病率仍然最高，常见的食物过敏源包括牛奶、大豆、鸡蛋、小麦、花生、坚果、芝麻、鱼和贝类。这与某些风险因素相关，特别是与产后相关的风险因素，这些因素似乎使个体容易发生食物过敏。一些过敏症（例如牛奶和鸡蛋）以前被认为在生命早期很容易消失。然而，最近的研究表明，这些过敏症在成年初期持续存在的几率不断增加；其背后的原因尚不清楚。尽管如此，也有证据表明，青少年和成人的食物过敏可能会随着年龄的增长而消失。

概括

了解食物过敏自然史的范式转变使临床医生能够为患者提供最新的、适合年龄的、量身定制的食物过敏管理和预后建议。