Background

Rolling resistance and aerodynamic losses cause a significant part of a truck’s energy consumption. Therefore there is an interest from both vehicle manufacturers and regulators to measure these losses to understand, quantify and reduce the energy consumption of vehicles. On-road measurements are particularly interesting because it enables testing in various ambient conditions and road surfaces with vehicles in service.

Objective

Common driving loss measurement devices require unique instrumented measurement wheels, which hinders effective measurements of multiple tyre sets or measurements of vehicles in service. For this purpose, the objective is to develop a novel load-sensing device for measuring braking or driving torque.

Methods

The strength of the measurement device is calculated using finite element methods, and the output signal is simulated using virtual strain gauge simulations. In addition to the signal simulation, the device is calibrated using a torsional test rig.

Results

The simulation results confirm that the device fulfils the strength requirements and is able to resolve low torque levels. The output signal is simulated for the novel cascaded multi-Wheatstone bridge using the strains extracted from the finite element analysis. The simulations and measurements show that the measurement signal is linear and not sensitive to other load directions. The device is tested on a truck, and the effort of mounting the device is comparable to a regular tyre change.

Conclusions

A novel driving loss measurement device design is presented with an innovative positioning of strain gauges decoupling the parasitic loads from the driving loss measurements. The design allows on-road testing using conventional wheels without requiring special measurement wheels or instrumentation of drive shafts, enabling more affordable and accurate measurements.

中文翻译：

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卡车公路扭矩测量装置的开发与分析

背景

滚动阻力和空气动力损失是卡车能源消耗的很大一部分。因此，汽车制造商和监管机构都有兴趣测量这些损失，以了解、量化和减少车辆的能源消耗。道路测量特别有趣，因为它可以在各种环境条件和路面上对正在使用的车辆进行测试。

客观的

常见的驾驶损失测量设备需要独特的仪表测量轮，这阻碍了对多个轮胎组或在用车辆的有效测量。为此，我们的目标是开发一种用于测量制动或驱动扭矩的新型负载传感装置。

方法

使用有限元方法计算测量装置的强度，并使用虚拟应变计模拟来模拟输出信号。除了信号模拟之外，该设备还使用扭转试验台进行校准。

结果

仿真结果证实该装置满足强度要求并且能够解决低扭矩水平。使用从有限元分析中提取的应变来模拟新型级联多惠斯通电桥的输出信号。仿真和测量表明，测量信号是线性的，并且对其他负载方向不敏感。该设备在卡车上进行了测试，安装该设备的工作量与定期更换轮胎相当。

结论

提出了一种新颖的驱动损耗测量装置设计，其应变片的创新定位将寄生负载与驱动损耗测量解耦。该设计允许使用传统车轮进行道路测试，无需特殊的测量轮或驱动轴仪器，从而实现更经济、更准确的测量。