This study aimed to develop a vaccine for controlling salmonellosis, a zoonotic disease affecting both humans and chicken, by employing Fe2O3 ferrous iron oxide (FNPs), silicon dioxide (SiNPs), carboxymethyl chitosan (C.CS NPs), and FNPs-chitosan (FCNPs) nanocomposite as immunological adjuvants. The immune response of vaccinated chicken was assessed through ELISA and challenge tests. The hydrodynamic diameters of Fe2O3, Fe2O3-CS, C.CS, and SiO2 NPs were found to be 81.95 ± 14.95, 137.1 ± 20.5, 32.86 ± 14.05, and 15.64 ± 3.6 nm, respectively. The incorporation of nanoparticles into the vaccine formulation significantly enhanced its efficacy by eliciting a robust immune response. According to the study, FNPs, SiNPs, C.CS NPs, and FCNPs can be used as immunological adjuvants to strengthen chicken’s immune systems and help prevent salmonellosis. By gradually raising antibody titers, all five vaccine formulations successfully stimulated an immunological response against Salmonella in vaccinated chicken. The size of the immunological response, however, differed amongst the various vaccination formulations. The SiNPs group had the highest antibody titer, followed by the locally administered vaccine. These findings suggest that the use of silicon dioxide SiNPs as a vaccine delivery system could enhance the immune response to Salmonella in chicken. Overall, the study demonstrates that the use of adjuvanted vaccines with nanomaterials, particularly SiNPs, has significantly increased the protection rate from 67 to 93.3% when compared to the locally used vaccine, which had a protection rate of 83%.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米材料佐剂提高鸡沙门氏菌三血清型疫苗的功效

本研究旨在通过使用 Fe2O3 氧化亚铁 (FNPs)、二氧化硅 (SiNPs)、羧甲基壳聚糖 (C.CS NPs) 和 FNPs-壳聚糖 (C.CS NPs) 开发一种疫苗来控制沙门氏菌病，这是一种影响人类和鸡的人畜共患疾病。 FCNPs）纳米复合材料作为免疫佐剂。通过 ELISA 和激发试验评估接种鸡的免疫反应。Fe2O3、Fe2O3-CS、C.CS 和 SiO2 NP 的流体动力学直径分别为 81.95 ± 14.95、137.1 ± 20.5、32.86 ± 14.05 和 15.64 ± 3.6 nm。将纳米颗粒纳入疫苗配方中，可引发强烈的免疫反应，从而显着增强其功效。研究表明，FNPs、SiNPs、C.CS NPs和FCNPs可作为免疫佐剂，增强鸡的免疫系统，有助于预防沙门氏菌病。通过逐渐提高抗体滴度，所有五种疫苗配方均成功刺激了接种鸡体内针对沙门氏菌的免疫反应。然而，不同疫苗制剂的免疫反应大小不同。SiNPs组的抗体滴度最高，其次是局部注射疫苗。这些发现表明，使用二氧化硅 SiNP 作为疫苗递送系统可以增强鸡对沙门氏菌的免疫反应。总体而言，研究表明，与本地使用的疫苗（保护率为83%）相比，使用纳米材料（特别是SiNP）佐剂疫苗的保护率从67%显着提高至93.3%。