Developing efficient and stable carbon nanotube (CNT) doping techniques and elucidating their chemistry is essential for their further implementation in electronic and energy devices. Here, protonic acids and lithium salts are employed as p-type inducers and stabilizers of the doped state, respectively. Leveraging the electron-withdrawing capability of protons, protonic acids can easily induce heavily p-doped states in CNTs. Anionic species from the acids attach to the positively charged CNTs to achieve charge compensation. Introducing lithium salts with bulky, charge-delocalized anions to the p-doped CNTs results in an anion replacement driven by the free energy gain. The newly formed complexes demonstrate outstanding thermal stability in air, enduring a temperature of 100 °C for over a year. The chemical hardness of the applied anion effectively explains the difference in stability of the doped CNTs, indicating that the doping process and its stabilization can be understood and controlled through complex chemistry.

开发高效稳定的碳纳米管（CNT）掺杂技术并阐明其化学性质对于其在电子和能源设备中的进一步应用至关重要。这里，质子酸和锂盐分别用作p型诱导剂和掺杂态稳定剂。利用质子的吸电子能力，质子酸可以很容易地在碳纳米管中诱导出重p掺杂态。酸中的阴离子物质附着在带正电的碳纳米管上以实现电荷补偿。将具有大量电荷离域阴离子的锂盐引入 p 掺杂碳纳米管中，会导致由自由能增益驱动的阴离子替换。新形成的复合物在空气中表现出出色的热稳定性，可承受 100°C 的温度一年多。所施加的阴离子的化学硬度有效地解释了掺杂碳纳米管稳定性的差异，表明可以通过复杂的化学来理解和控制掺杂过程及其稳定性。