Decision aids are commonly used in tactical decision-making environments to help humans integrate base-rate and multi-cue information. However, it is important that users appropriately trust and rely on aids. Decision aids can be presented in many ways, but the literature lacks clarity over the conditions surrounding their effectiveness. This research aims to determine whether a numerical or graphical aid more effectively supports human performance, and explores the relationships between aid presentation, trust, and workload. Participants ( = 30) completed a signal-identification task that required integration of readings from a set of three dynamic gauges. Participants experienced three conditions: unaided, using a numerical aid, and using a graphical aid. The aids combined gauge and base-rate information in a statistically-optimal fashion. Participants also indicated how much they trusted the system and how hard they worked during the task. Analyses explored the impact of aid condition on sensitivity, response bias, response time, trust, and workload. Both the numerical and graphical aids produced significant increases in sensitivity and trust, and significant decreases in workload in comparison to the unaided condition. The difference in response time between the graphical and unaided conditions approached significance, with participants responding faster using the graphical aid without decrements in sensitivity. Significant interactions between aid and signal type indicated that both aided conditions promoted faster responding to non-hostile signals, with larger mean differences in the graphical aid condition. Practically, graphical aids in which suggestions are more salient to users may promote faster responding in tactical environments, with negligible cost of accuracy.

中文翻译：

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多线索信号识别任务中决策的数字与图形辅助

决策辅助通常用于战术决策环境中，帮助人们整合基本速率和多线索信息。然而，重要的是用户适当地信任和依赖辅助工具。决策辅助可以通过多种方式呈现，但文献对其有效性的条件缺乏明确性。本研究旨在确定数字或图形援助是否更有效地支持人类表现，并探讨援助呈现、信任和工作量之间的关系。参与者 (= 30) 完成了一项信号识别任务，该任务需要整合一组三个动态仪表的读数。参与者经历了三种情况：无帮助、使用数字帮助和使用图形帮助。该辅助设备以统计上最佳的方式结合了仪表和基本速率信息。参与者还表明了他们对系统的信任程度以及他们在任务过程中的努力程度。分析探讨了援助条件对敏感性、响应偏差、响应时间、信任和工作量的影响。与无辅助条件相比，数字和图形辅助都显着提高了敏感性和信任度，并显着减少了工作量。图形和无辅助条件之间的响应时间差异接近显着性，参与者使用图形辅助的响应速度更快，而灵敏度没有降低。援助和信号类型之间的显着相互作用表明，两种援助条件都促进了对非敌对信号的更快响应，图形援助条件的平均差异更大。实际上，图形辅助的建议对用户来说更显着，可以促进战术环境中更快的响应，而准确性的成本可以忽略不计。