To compare the perioperative analgesic effects of an opioid-free (OFA) and an opioid-sparing (OSA) anaesthetic protocol in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy. Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. A group of 28 client-owned dogs. Dogs were allocated to one of two groups. The OFA group was administered intramuscular (IM) dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg and ketamine 1 mg kg, followed by two intraoperative constant rate infusions (CRIs) of dexmedetomidine (3 μg kg hour) and lidocaine (1 mg kg loading dose, 2 mg kg hour). The OSA group was administered IM dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg, ketamine 1 mg kg and methadone 0.2 mg kg, followed by two intraoperative saline CRIs. In both groups, anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol 2 mg kg and diazepam 0.2 mg kg and maintained with isoflurane. Rescue dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg kg) was administered IV if there was a 20% increase in cardiovascular variables compared with pre-stimulation values. Ketorolac (0.5 mg kg) was administered IV when the surgery ended. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated using the Short Form-Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale and methadone (0.2 mg kg) was administered IM if the pain score was ≥ 6/24. Statistical analysis included mixed analysis of variance, Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. There were no significant differences in the intraoperative monitored variables between groups. The OFA group showed a significantly lower intraoperative rescue analgesia requirement ( = 0.016) and lower postoperative pain scores at 3 ( =0.001) and 6 ( < 0.001) hours. No dogs were administered rescue methadone postoperatively. Although both groups achieved acceptable postoperative pain scores with no need for further intervention, the analgesic efficacy of the OFA protocol was significantly superior to that of the OSA protocol presented and was associated with a lower intraoperative rescue analgesia requirement and early postoperative pain scores.

中文翻译：

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健康犬腹腔镜卵巢切除术无阿片类药物与保留阿片类药物麻醉技术的比较分析

比较无阿片类药物 (OFA) 和少阿片类药物 (OSA) 麻醉方案对接受腹腔镜卵巢切除术的犬的围手术期镇痛效果。前瞻性、随机、盲法临床试验。一群 28 只客户拥有的狗。狗被分配到两组中的一组。 OFA组肌肉注射（IM）右美托咪定5 μg·kg和氯胺酮1 mg·kg，然后术中两次恒速输注（CRI）右美托咪定（3 μg·kg·h）和利多卡因（1 mg·kg负荷剂量，2 mg·kg·h） ）。 OSA 组肌内注射右美托咪定 5 μg/kg、氯胺酮 1 mg/kg 和美沙酮 0.2 mg/kg，随后进行两次术中生理盐水 CRI。两组均采用静脉注射（IV）异丙酚 2 mg/kg 和地西泮 0.2 mg/kg 诱导麻醉，并用异氟烷维持。如果与刺激前的值相比心血管变量增加 20%，则静脉注射右美托咪定 (0.5 μg/kg) 进行救援。手术结束时，静脉注射酮咯酸（0.5 mg kg）。使用简易格拉斯哥综合测量疼痛量表评估术后镇痛效果，如果疼痛评分≥6/24，则肌内注射美沙酮（0.2mg/kg）。统计分析包括混合方差分析、卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验。组间术中监测变量没有显着差异。 OFA 组的术中抢救镇痛需求显着降低 (= 0.016)，术后 3 (=0.001) 和 6 (< 0.001) 小时的疼痛评分也较低。术后没有给狗施用救援美沙酮。尽管两组均达到了可接受的术后疼痛评分，无需进一步干预，但 OFA 方案的镇痛效果明显优于 OSA 方案，并且与较低的术中抢救镇痛需求和术后早期疼痛评分相关。