Biorefinery has been recently one of the most popular topics studied by researchers to utilize industrial crop lignocellulosic wastes for producing energy carriers and chemical compounds. High-solid processing (>15% w/w) offers benefits, including improved sustainability, increased productivity, low operational costs, and reduced environmental impact compared to low and moderate content processing. Despite this, lignocellulosic biorefineries have not significantly contributed to large-scale fuel and chemical production because of technological challenges and economic feasibility. There are difficulties in process control, sufficient mixing, separation, and purification of desired products, continuous operation, and scale-up associated with using high solid loading processes. Furthermore, the processing of high-solid content materials in biorefineries demands custom-made reactor designs and equipment that can efficiently handle the solids and enhance productivity. This issue poses a challenge in the development of biorefineries. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the status of high-solid processing in various areas of refining industrial crop wastes, including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and separation. Several industrial applications of high-solid processing in biorefinery development, such as biofuels and value-added products, are also discussed in detail.

中文翻译：

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对利用高固体加工进行工业作物木质纤维素废物增值的可持续生物精炼厂的严格审查

生物精炼最近成为研究人员研究的最热门课题之一，利用工业作物木质纤维素废物生产能源载体和化合物。与低含量和中等含量的加工相比，高固体含量加工（>15% w/w）具有诸多优势，包括提高可持续性、提高生产率、降低运营成本以及减少对环境的影响。尽管如此，由于技术挑战和经济可行性，木质纤维素生物精炼厂并未对大规模燃料和化学品生产做出重大贡献。在过程控制、所需产物的充分混合、分离和纯化、连续操作以及与使用高固体负载过程相关的放大方面存在困难。此外，生物精炼厂中高固体含量材料的加工需要定制的反应器设计和设备，以有效处理固体并提高生产率。这个问题对生物炼制厂的发展提出了挑战。本文旨在全面分析炼油工业作物废弃物各个领域的高固处理现状，包括预处理、酶解、发酵和分离。还详细讨论了高固体加工在生物炼制开发中的几种工业应用，例如生物燃料和增值产品。