The improper disposal of vegetable waste often leads to the risk of non-point agricultural pollution. In order to enhance our understanding of how soil quality and successive tomato production respond to the anaerobic incorporation of vegetable residues, greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020. The fresh tomato residues, approximately 17 tons per hectare from greenhouses, were incorporated with carefully selected decomposing agents “Yuandongli” and “Sumao” at three different levels. The results revealed a significant increase in both Soil Quality Index (SQI) and crop yield at the crop harvest stage for the tomato residues incorporation group, ranging from 7.4% to 24.50% and 2.3%–14.9%, respectively, compared to the control group. Specifically, the levels of soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) increased significantly with the anaerobic incorporation of vegetable residues by an increase of 4.5%–12.3%, 4.1%–31.0%, 2.3%–17.8%, 7.8%–29.2% and 20.0%–35.7%, respectively, compared to the control group. Additionally, enzyme activities such as soil sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase were averagely enhanced by 38.9%, 28.35 and 48.6%. Moreover, the incorporation of tomato residue led to a significant decrease in both the amount of soil fungi and plant parasitic nematodes, with reductions ranging from 28.8% to 58.2% and 401.% to 85.6%, respectively, at the time of crop harvest. The direct and indirect effects of soil properties on SQI and subsequent crop yields were evaluated using a structural equation model. It was found that the contribution of soil properties, including SOM, amount of plant parasitic nematodes (APN), MBC, and AP, to driving changes in SQI accounted for 79%. Furthermore, these indexes explained 49% of the variance in crop yield. Although the type of decomposing agent had varying effects on soil properties, it had a negligible impact on SQI. Furthermore, both SQI and tomato yield did not exhibit a continuous response to the quantity of decomposing agents applied. Our findings suggest that the recommended dosages of the decomposing agent in the instructions are cost-effective and reasonable. The direct anaerobic incorporation of vegetable residues, particularly under greenhouse production conditions, could serve as an efficient and environmentally-friendly management strategy for tomato residues.

中文翻译：

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蔬菜残留物保留：处理温室生产番茄废物的有效且环保的方法

蔬菜废弃物处置不当往往会导致农业面源污染风险。为了加深我们对土壤质量和连续番茄生产如何响应蔬菜残留物厌氧掺入的了解，我们于 2019 年和 2020 年进行了温室实验。每公顷来自温室的新鲜番茄残留物约 17 吨，与精心挑选的分解剂“原动力”和“速毛”三个不同级别。结果显示，与对照组相比，番茄残留物掺入组的土壤质量指数（SQI）和作物收获阶段的作物产量均显着增加，分别为 7.4% 至 24.50% 和 2.3%–14.9% 。具体而言，随着蔬菜残渣厌氧掺入量的增加，土壤有机质（SOM）、速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）、微生物量碳（MBC）和微生物量氮（MBN）水平显着增加。与对照组相比，分别为 4.5%~12.3%、4.1%~31.0%、2.3%~17.8%、7.8%~29.2% 和 20.0%~35.7%。此外，土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶等酶活性平均提高了38.9%、28.35和48.6%。此外，番茄渣的掺入还导致土壤真菌和植物寄生线虫的数量显着减少，在作物收获时分别减少了28.8%至58.2%和401.%至85.6%。使用结构方程模型评估了土壤性质对 SQI 和后续作物产量的直接和间接影响。结果发现，土壤性质（包括SOM、植物寄生线虫数量（APN）、MBC和AP）对SQI变化的贡献率占79%。此外，这些指数解释了 49% 的作物产量差异。尽管分解剂的类型对土壤性质有不同的影响，但对 SQI 的影响可以忽略不计。此外，SQI 和番茄产量并未表现出对所施用分解剂数量的连续响应。我们的研究结果表明，说明书中推荐的分解剂剂量是经济有效且合理的。蔬菜残留物的直接厌氧掺入，特别是在温室生产条件下，可以作为番茄残留物的高效且环保的管理策略。