Photovoltaics (PV) and wind are the most important energy-conversion technologies for cost-efficient climate change mitigation. To reach international climate goals, the annual PV module production must be expanded to multi-terawatt (TW) scale. Economic and resource restraints demand the implementation of cost-efficient multi-junction technologies, for which perovskite-based tandem technologies are highly promising. In this work, the resource demand of the emerging perovskite PV technology is investigated, considering two factors of supply criticality, namely, mining capacity for minerals and the production capacity for synthetic materials. Overall, the expansion of perovskite PV to a multi-TW scale may not be limited by material supply if certain materials, especially indium, can be replaced. Moreover, organic charge-transport materials face currently unresolved scalability challenges. This study demonstrates that, besides the improvement of efficiency and stability, perovskite PV research and development also need to be guided by sustainable materials choices and design-for-recycling considerations.

光伏（PV）和风能是经济高效地减缓气候变化的最重要的能源转换技术。为了实现国际气候目标，光伏组件的年产量必须扩大到数太瓦（TW）规模。经济和资源限制要求实施具有成本效益的多结技术，其中基于钙钛矿的串联技术非常有前途。在这项工作中，研究了新兴钙钛矿光伏技术的资源需求，考虑了两个供应关键因素，即矿物开采能力和合成材料的生产能力。总体而言，如果某些材料（尤其是铟）可以被替代，钙钛矿光伏向多TW规模的扩展可能不会受到材料供应的限制。此外，有机电荷传输材料面临着目前尚未解决的可扩展性挑战。这项研究表明，除了提高效率和稳定性之外，钙钛矿光伏的研究和开发还需要以可持续材料选择和回收设计为指导。