Nationwide protests and the ensuing “defund the police” movement reignited debates surrounding the allocation of resources to police departments and police militarization. A commonly examined program of militarization is the Department of Defense's (DoD) 1033 Program, which provides excess DoD equipment to federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies (LEA). While the program does transfer lethal military-grade equipment, most transfers are non-lethal equipment/items. Thus, the degree of participation in the 1033 Program reflecting the “warrior cop mentality” may be overstated. Instead, 1033 Program participation may reflect police cultural framing and rational decisions of how best to meet the needs of their expanding mandate, including providing electrical grid support and natural disaster relief. In this paper, we qualitatively code over 125,000 LEA 1033 justifications for individual items to illuminate how LEAs define their role in society amid their shifting mandate. Results reveal a complex relationship between entrenched cultural patterns and changing demands and needs of departments.

中文翻译：

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出于执法目的：1033 计划与不断扩大的警察任务之间的复杂关系

全国范围内的抗议活动和随后的“撤资警察”运动重新引发了围绕警察部门资源分配和警察军事化的争论。一个经常被审查的军事化计划是国防部 (DoD) 1033 计划，该计划向联邦、州和地方执法机构 (LEA) 提供多余的国防部设备。虽然该计划确实转移致命的军事级设备，但大多数转移都是非致命设备/物品。因此，“1033计划”的参与程度可能被夸大了。相反，1033 计划的参与可能反映了警察文化框架以及如何最好地满足其不断扩大的任务需求的理性决策，包括提供电网支持和自然灾害救援。在本文中，我们对单个项目定性编码了超过 125,000 个 LEA 1033 理由，以阐明 LEA 如何在职责不断变化的情况下定义其在社会中的角色。结果揭示了根深蒂固的文化模式与部门不断变化的需求和需要之间的复杂关系。