Ferroptosis is an emerging iron-dependent oxidative cell death type, and recently has been demonstrated to show close relation with Golgi apparatus (GA). Exploring the fluctuation of superoxide anion (O) level in GA during ferroptosis is of great significance to profoundly study the biological functions of GA in ferroptosis. Here, we present a GA-targeting probe () to monitor cellular O during ferroptosis. employed a triflate group and a tetradecanoic amide unit as the recognition site for O and GA-targeting unit, respectively. After the response of to O, the triflate unit of converted into hydroxyl group with strong electron-donating ability, generating bright green fluorescence under UV light. exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards O. Fluorescence imaging results showed that could be applied as a GA-targeting probe to monitor cellular O. The stimulation of cells with PMA and rotenone could result in the massive generation of endogenous O in GA. Erastin-induced ferroptosis can markedly induce the increase of O level in GA. Similar to Fer-1 and DFO, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and rutin were demonstrated to inhibit the enormous production of O in GA of the living cells during ferroptosis.

中文翻译：

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高尔基体靶向荧光探针用于铁死亡过程中活细胞中超氧阴离子 (O2•−) 的成像

铁死亡是一种新兴的铁依赖性氧化细胞死亡类型，最近被证明与高尔基体（GA）密切相关。探究铁死亡过程中GA中超氧阴离子（O）水平的波动，对于深入研究GA在铁死亡中的生物学功能具有重要意义。在这里，我们提出了一种 GA 靶向探针（）来监测铁死亡期间的细胞 O2。使用三氟甲磺酸酯基团和十四烷酰胺单元分别作为 O 和 GA 靶向单元的识别位点。与O反应后，三氟甲磺酸酯单元转化为具有强给电子能力的羟基，在紫外光照射下产生明亮的绿色荧光。对 O 表现出优异的灵敏度和选择性。荧光成像结果表明，可以用作 GA 靶向探针来监测细胞 O。用 PMA 和鱼藤酮刺激细胞可以导致 GA 中内源 O 的大量生成。Erastin诱导的铁死亡可以显着诱导GA中O水平的升高。与 Fer-1 和 DFO 类似，二氢硫辛酸 (DHLA) 和芦丁被证明可以抑制铁死亡期间活细胞 GA 中 O 的大量产生。