Soil hydraulic and physical properties can be influenced by various land management practices, and they determine water movement and storage within the vadose zone, with both agronomic and environmental effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two such practices (no‐till [NT] and cover crops [CCs]) on soil hydraulic (e.g., saturated hydraulic conductivity [Ksat], and water retention) and physical (e.g., bulk density [BD], pore size distribution, air‐filled pore spaces [AFPSs], and water‐filled pore spaces [WFPSs]) properties. The CCs used included crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), winter peas (Lathyrus hirsutus L.), oats (Avena sativa), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.), flax (Linum usitassimum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Soil samples were collected and analyzed during 2021 and 2022 right before CC termination at 0‐ to 10‐cm, 10‐ to 20‐cm, and 20‐ to 30‐cm depths. Results showed that, during 2021 and 2022, BD was 18% and 14% higher, respectively, under NC compared with CC management, while Ksat was 2.2 and 1.9 times higher, respectively, under CC compared with NC management. Further, the non‐capillary pores were significantly (p ≥ 0.05) higher under CC compared with NC management during both years of study. As a result, the majority of the total pores under CCs were filled with air, while the majority of total pores under NC management were filled with water. Therefore, this CC mix may be useful in lengthening the growing period during wet seasons by increasing air‐filled pore spaces.

中文翻译：

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免耕覆盖作物对粉质壤土水物理性质的影响

土壤水力和物理特性可能受到各种土地管理实践的影响，它们决定渗流区内的水运动和储存，从而产生农艺和环境影响。本研究的目的是评估两种此类做法（免耕 [NT] 和覆盖作物 [CC]）对土壤水力（例如，饱和水力传导率 [K坐] 和保水性）和物理（例如，堆积密度 [BD]、孔径分布、充满空气的孔隙空间 [AFPSs] 和充满水的孔隙空间 [WFPSs]）特性。使用的CC包括深红三叶草（三叶草L.), 毛野豌豆 (野豌豆罗斯。），冬豌豆（毛山黧豆L.）、燕麦（燕麦）、冬小麦（小麦L.), 小黑麦 (小黑麦六倍体）、亚麻（亚麻L.）和大麦（大麦L.）。2021 年和 2022 年 CC 终止前，收集并分析了 0 至 10 厘米、10 至 20 厘米和 20 至 30 厘米深度的土壤样本。结果显示，2021 年和 2022 年期间，NC 管理下的 BD 分别比 CC 管理高出 18% 和 14%，而K坐与 NC 管理相比，CC 管理下分别高出 2.2 倍和 1.9 倍。此外，非毛细管孔隙显着（p≥ 0.05) 在这两年的研究期间，CC 治疗组的死亡率高于 NC 治疗组。结果，CC管理下的大部分总孔隙被空气填充，而NC管理下的大部分总孔隙被水填充。因此，这种 CC 混合物可能有助于通过增加空气填充的孔隙空间来延长雨季的生长期。