Due to the intrinsic attenuation of the earth, the study of wave propagation characteristics, considering seismic attenuation plays an important role in high‐precision reservoir prediction. Therefore, we investigate the propagation and reflection characteristics of seismic waves in viscoelastic vertical transverse isotropic media in the complex frequency domain. Specifically, we analyse the response characteristics of velocity, propagation vector and attenuation vector with respect to viscosity media with different attenuation intensities. Furthermore, based on the quasi‐Zoeppritz equation, the variation of reflection coefficient amplitude with offset at different attenuation angles and different attenuation intensities is studied. We also compare the trends in the amplitude variation of reflection coefficients with offset in elastic isotropic, elastic anisotropic and viscoelastic anisotropic media. Due to the complexity of the exact reflection coefficient expression, we first propose the approximate expression of the attenuation–anisotropy parameters and then derive the approximate expression of the reflection coefficient. The numerical simulation results show that the approximate expression of the reflection coefficient is still accurate, even in media with strong anisotropy. Finally, the accuracy evaluations of the reflection coefficient formulas using four typical theory models demonstrate that the approximate reflection coefficient formulas are highly accurate in both weak and strong anisotropic media.

中文翻译：

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粘弹性垂直横各向同性介质中衰减各向异性的表征与分析

由于地球固有的衰减特性，考虑地震衰减的波传播特性研究对于高精度储层预测具有重要作用。因此，我们在复频域研究地震波在粘弹性垂直横观各向同性介质中的传播和反射特性。具体来说，我们分析了不同衰减强度的粘性介质的速度、传播矢量和衰减矢量的响应特性。此外，基于拟Zoeppritz方程，研究了不同衰减角度和不同衰减强度下反射系数幅值随偏移量的变化。我们还比较了弹性各向同性、弹性各向异性和粘弹性各向异性介质中反射系数随偏移的幅度变化趋势。由于精确的反射系数表达式的复杂性，我们首先提出衰减各向异性参数的近似表达式，然后推导反射系数的近似表达式。数值模拟结果表明，即使在各向异性较强的介质中，反射系数的近似表达式仍然准确。最后，利用四种典型理论模型对反射系数公式的精度评估表明，近似反射系数公式在弱各向异性介质和强各向异性介质中均具有较高的准确性。