The TGF-β1/Smad3-signaling pathway and gender differences were investigated in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Mice were divided into female normal, female model, male normal, and male model groups. Liver injury and fibrosis were assessed using histopathology and serology. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of relevant factors. HSC-T6 cells were divided into estradiol + saline, estradiol + ethanol, testosterone + saline, and testosterone + ethanol groups, and similar assessments were conducted in vitro. Compared with the female model group, the male model group exhibited significantly increased GPT, GOT, TNF-α, IL-6, and testosterone levels, fibrosis rate, and TGF-β1, Smad3, and PCNA expression, and significantly decreased estradiol levels and Caspase-3 expression. The apoptosis rate was higher in the estradiol + ethanol group than in the testosterone + ethanol group, although the testosterone + ethanol group exhibited significantly increased TNF-α, IL-6, Collagen-I, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Smad3, and PCNA expression, and significantly decreased Caspase-3 expression. Alcoholic liver fibrosis showed significant gender differences associated with the TGF-β1/Smad3-signaling pathway.

中文翻译：

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TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路在酒精性肝纤维化性别差异中的作用机制

研究了酒精性肝纤维化中的 TGF-β1/Smad3 信号通路和性别差异。将小鼠分为雌性正常组、雌性模型组、雄性正常组和雄性模型组。使用组织病理学和血清学评估肝损伤和纤维化。采用Western blotting分析相关因子的表达情况。HSC-T6细胞分为雌二醇+盐水组、雌二醇+乙醇组、睾酮+盐水组和睾酮+乙醇组，并在体外进行类似的评估。与女性模型组相比,男性模型组GPT、GOT、TNF-α、IL-6、睾酮水平、纤维化率、TGF-β1、Smad3、PCNA表达量显着升高,雌二醇水平和PCNA表达量显着降低。 Caspase-3 表达。雌二醇+乙醇组的细胞凋亡率高于睾酮+乙醇组，尽管睾酮+乙醇组的TNF-α、IL-6、Collagen-I、α-SMA、TGF-β1、Smad3、和 PCNA 表达，并显着降低 Caspase-3 表达。酒精性肝纤维化显示出与 TGF-β1/Smad3 信号通路相关的显着性别差异。