As the opposite ends of the orodigestive tract, the oral cavity and the intestine share anatomical, microbial, and immunological ties that have bidirectional health implications. A growing body of evidence suggests an interconnection between oral pathologies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), implying a shift from the traditional concept of independent diseases to a complex, reciprocal cycle. This review outlines the evidence supporting an "Oral-Gut" axis, marked by a higher prevalence of periodontitis and other oral conditions in IBD patients and vice versa. We present an in-depth examination of the interconnection between oral pathologies and IBD, highlighting the shared microbiological and immunological pathways, and proposing a “multi-hit” hypothesis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-mediated intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, the review underscores the critical need for a collaborative approach between dentists and gastroenterologists to provide holistic oral-systemic healthcare.

中文翻译：

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解开口腔-肠道轴：牙周炎和 IBD 之间的相互关系、当前挑战和未来展望

作为口腔消化道的两端，口腔和肠道具有解剖学、微生物和免疫学联系，具有双向健康影响。越来越多的证据表明口腔病理学与炎症性肠病 (IBD) 之间存在相互关联，这意味着从独立疾病的传统概念转向复杂的相互循环。这篇综述概述了支持“口腔-肠道”轴的证据，其特点是 IBD 患者牙周炎和其他口腔疾病的患病率较高，反之亦然。我们对口腔病理学与 IBD 之间的相互关系进行了深入研究，强调了共同的微生物学和免疫学途径，并提出了牙周炎介导的肠道炎症发病机制的“多重打击”假说。此外，该审查强调牙医和胃肠病学家之间迫切需要采取合作方法，以提供全面的口腔系统医疗保健。