Sulfur (S) is one of the main components of important biomolecules, which has been paid more attention in the anaerobic environment of rice cultivation. In this study, 12 accessions of rice materials, belonging to two Asian rice domestication systems and one African rice domestication system, were used by shotgun metagenomics sequencing to compare the structure and function involved in S cycle of rhizosphere microbiome between wild and cultivated rice. The sulfur cycle functional genes abundances were significantly different between wild and cultivated rice rhizosphere in the processes of sulfate reduction and other sulfur compounds conversion, implicating that wild rice had a stronger mutually-beneficial relationship with rhizosphere microbiome, enhancing sulfur utilization. To assess the effects of sulfate reduction synthetic microbiomes, Comamonadaceae and Rhodospirillaceae, two families containing the genes of two key steps in the dissimilatory sulfate reduction, aprA and dsrA respectively, were isolated from wild rice rhizosphere. Compared with the control group, the dissimilatory sulfate reduction in cultivated rice rhizosphere was significantly improved in the inoculated with different proportions groups. It confirmed that the synthetic microbiome can promote the S-cycling in rice, and suggested that may be feasible to construct the synthetic microbiome step by step based on functional genes to achieve the target functional pathway. In summary, this study reveals the response of rice rhizosphere microbial community structure and function to domestication, and provides a new idea for the construction of synthetic microbiome.

硫（S）是重要生物分子的主要成分之一，在水稻栽培的厌氧环境中受到越来越多的关注。本研究利用属于两个亚洲水稻驯化系统和一个非洲水稻驯化系统的12份水稻材料，通过鸟枪法宏基因组测序来比较野生稻和栽培稻根际微生物组S循环所涉及的结构和功能。在硫酸盐还原和其他硫化合物转化过程中，野生稻和栽培稻根际的硫循环功能基因丰度存在显着差异，这表明野生稻与根际微生物组具有更强的互利关系，从而提高了硫的利用率。为了评估硫酸盐还原合成微生物组（Comamonadaceae 和 Rhodospirillaceae）的影响，从野生稻根际分离了两个科，它们分别含有异化硫酸盐还原中两个关键步骤的基因aprA和dsrA 。与对照组相比，不同比例接种组栽培稻根际异化硫酸盐还原能力显着提高。证实了合成微生物组可以促进水稻的S-循环，并表明基于功能基因逐步构建合成微生物组以实现目标功能途径可能是可行的。综上所述，本研究揭示了水稻根际微生物群落结构和功能对驯化的响应，为合成微生物组的构建提供了新思路。