Abstract

The effect of long-term systematic application of fertilizers on mycobiota of meadow chernozem-like soil was studied for the first time in a stationary field experiment (Amur oblast). Information about cultivated soil microscopic fungi was given, and an annotated list, including 26 species, was compiled. It was revealed that the application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30) for wheat on the background of long-term use of fertilizers caused an increase in the total number of soil fungi by 30–68% on average relative to the control variant, whereas a rise in the number of micromycete germs was less significant (23–29%) during their aftereffect. The ranges of the optimal content of macronutrients for the intensive increase in the pool of microscopic fungi in meadow chernozem-like soil were determined: 50–65 of phosphorus, 195–210 of potassium, and ≥10 mg/kg of nitrogen in case of optimal soil moisture of 22–24%. The aftereffect of long-term application of fertilizers, of organic-mineral ones in particular, and the effect of mineral fertilizers (N30) applied in the year of the study were positive for the species diversity, the frequency of occurrence, and dynamics of the number of fungal germs in soil. Negative rearrangements of micromycete complexes as a result of long-term use of mineral fertilizers in agrocenoses of meadow chernozem-like soils were not detected. The application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers contributed to a significant decrease in the pool of phytopathogenic fungi.

中文翻译：

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长期施肥对小麦作物下草甸黑钙土微菌的影响

摘要

首次在固定田间试验（阿穆尔州）中研究了长期系统施用肥料对草甸黑钙土真菌群的影响。提供了有关栽培土壤微生物的信息，并编制了包含 26 种的注释列表。结果表明，在长期施用化肥的背景下，小麦施用氮肥（N30）导致土壤真菌总数相对于对照变体平均增加30%~68%，而在其后遗症期间，微真菌数量的变化不太显着（23-29%）。确定了草甸类黑钙土中微观真菌库集约增加的最佳常量营养元素含量范围：磷50～65、钾195～210、氮≥10 mg/kg。最佳土壤湿度为 22-24%。长期施用肥料，特别是有机矿物肥料的后效，以及研究当年施用的矿物肥料（N30）的效果对物种多样性、发生频率和动态都有积极影响。土壤中真菌细菌的数量。没有检测到在草甸黑钙土土壤中长期使用矿物肥料导致的微菌复合体的负重排。氮磷肥的施用使植物病原真菌库显着减少。