Abstract

The studies aimed to assess the change in the absorbency of the soil with distance from the forest belt, including the depressed zone. The work was carried out in 2018–2022 in a long-term field stationary experience in contour-reclamation agriculture in the Kursk region. The assessment was carried out for erosion-threatening slopes of southern and northern exposures with an agroforest reclamation complex, represented by contour-parallel placed water-regulating two-row forest belts with a water-catching ditch in the row-spacing and a masonry-cum-earth dam along the lower edge. The soil was a typical medium-thick low-humus heavy loamy chernozem. To determine the width of the depressed zone, the yield of crops was studied at 5, 10, and 25 m from the forest belt up and down the slope, the control was the upland. A significant decrease in harvest, regardless of weather conditions, was observed at 5 m; for buckwheat it was 68.8–75.0%, spring barley 40.0–65.7%, winter wheat 24.9–56.9% compared to control. The absorbing capacity of the soil was determined on perennial grasses and spring barley in the depressed zone by the method of small flooded areas and sprinkling of runoff areas. The intensity of pressure absorption in the crops of perennial grasses on the soils of the slope of the northern exposure was higher than in the crops of barley by 55%, of the southern, four times. The intensity of water absorption, estimated by the method of sprinkling of runoff plots, in crops of perennial grasses on the slope of the northern exposure was 0.6 mm/min, of the southern exposure 0.8 mm/min, which was significantly higher than in barley crops. To increase the absorbency of the soil, both during the period of snowmelt and during heavy rains, it is recommended to sow perennial grasses along forest strips more than 5 m wide.

中文翻译：

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调水林带洼地典型黑钙土水电导率估算

摘要

这些研究旨在评估土壤吸收性随距森林带（包括凹陷区）距离的变化。这项工作于 2018 年至 2022 年在库尔斯克地区等高线开垦农业的长期田间固定经验中进行。该评估针对南部和北部暴露的侵蚀威胁斜坡进行了农林复垦综合体，以等高线平行放置的水调节两行林带为代表，行距内有一个集水沟和一个砖石结构。沿下缘的暨土坝。土壤为典型的中厚低腐殖质重壤质黑钙土。为确定洼地宽度，以山地为对照，在距林带5、10、25 m、坡上、坡下的农作物产量进行了研究。无论天气条件如何，在 5 m 处观察到收成显着下降；与对照相比，荞麦为 68.8-75.0%，春大麦为 40.0-65.7%，冬小麦为 24.9-56.9%。采用小面积淹没区和径流区洒水的方法，测定了洼地地区多年生草本植物和春大麦的土壤吸收能力。北部坡地土壤中多年生禾草作物的压力吸收强度比大麦作物高55%，南部高4倍。通过径流地块喷洒法估算，北坡多年生禾草作物的吸水强度为 0.6 毫米/分钟，南坡为 0.8 毫米/分钟，明显高于大麦。农作物。为了增加土壤的吸收能力，无论是在融雪期间还是在大雨期间，建议沿宽度超过5 m的林带播种多年生草本植物。