Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of biofertilizers and growth stimulants for modern varieties of spring soft wheat. The work was performed in 2019–2021 under the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The reaction of the varieties (factor A) Kinel’skaya Niva, Kinel’skaya 2010, Kinel’skaya Yubileinaya, Kinel’skaya Zvezda, Eritrospermum 4146, and Eritrospermum 4144 was studied in the experiment. To determine the effectiveness of the applied biological products (factor B), seeds were treated (at the rate of the working solution of 10 L/t) and crops were sprayed two times (300 L/ha) at the tillering and heading phases according to the following scheme: without chemicals (control, water), Mival-Agro (5 g/t; 10 g/ha), AgroVerm (1 L/t; 2 L/ha), Lignohumate (100 g/t; 50 g/ha), Polishans (0.2 L/t of seeds and 0.4 L/ha), Mival-Agro + Lignohumate, AgroVerm + Polishans, and Mival-Agro + Polishans. Over the years of study, all the preparations and their complexes on average contributed to an increase in the yield by 0.09–0.63 t/ha (3.5–23.2%), in the number of productive stems by 20–185 pcs/m², in the weight of 1000 grains by 0.3–3.0 g, in grain weight by 0.10–0.33 g per ear, in grain units to 9 g/L, in the amount of gluten in grain to 4%, and in the protein content to 1.9% relative to the control. The increase in the values of most parameters in comparison with the control was maximal in the variants with Mival-Agro + Polishans and AgroVerm + Polishans complexes: there was an increase in grain yield by 0.27–0.63 t/ha, in the weight of 1000 grains by 0.6–3.0 g, in grain weight per ear by 0.22–0.33 g, in the number of productive stems by 87–185 pcs/m², in grain unit by 2–9 g/L, and in the gluten and protein content by 0.4–3.6 and 0.1–1.9%, respectively. The mean yield in the experiment and the increase over the control were the highest for the varieties Kinel’skaya Zvezda (3.22 t/ha and 0.17–0.61 t/ha, respectively) and Kinel’skaya Yubileinaya (2.99 t/ha and 0.14–0.60 t/ha).

中文翻译：

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春软麦品种生长促进剂和生物肥料的施用效果

摘要

本研究的目的是研究生物肥料和生长刺激剂对现代春软小麦品种的有效性。该工作于2019-2021年在伏尔加河中部地区的条件下进行。实验研究了品种（因子A）Kinel'skaya Niva、Kinel'skaya 2010、Kinel'skaya Yubileinaya、Kinel'skaya Zvezda、Eritrospermum 4146 和 Eritrospermum 4144 的反应。为了确定所施用的生物产品的有效性（因子 B），对种子进行处理（工作溶液的用量为 10 升/吨），并在分蘖期和抽穗期对作物喷洒两次（300 升/公顷）。遵循以下方案：不含化学品（对照，水）、Mival-Agro (5 g/t；10 g/ha)、AgroVerm (1 L/t；2 L/ha)、Lignohumate (100 g/t；50 g/ha) /ha)、Polishans（0.2 L/t 种子和 0.4 L/ha）、Mival-Agro + Lignohumate、AgroVerm + Polishans 和 Mival-Agro + Polishans。经过多年的研究，所有制剂及其复合物平均使产量增加了 0.09-0.63 吨/公顷（3.5-23.2%），生产茎数量增加了 20-185 根/米²，千粒重降低0.3～3.0克，每穗粒重降低0.10～0.33克，单位粒重降低至9克/升，籽粒中面筋含量降低至4%，蛋白质含量降低至1.9相对于对照的％。与对照相比，大多数参数值的增加在 Mival-Agro + Polishans 和 AgroVerm + Polishans 复合物的变体中最大：以 1000 重量计，谷物产量增加了 0.27-0.63 吨/公顷籽粒增加 0.6～3.0 g，每穗粒重增加 0.22～0.33 g，有效茎数增加 87～185 根/m ²，单位粒数增加 2～9 g/L，面筋和蛋白质增加含量分别为 0.4-3.6 和 0.1-1.9%。试验中的平均产量和相对于对照的增幅最高的是品种 Kinel'skaya Zvezda（分别为 3.22 吨/公顷和 0.17-0.61 吨/公顷）和 Kinel'skaya Yubileinaya（2.99 吨/公顷和 0.14-0.61 吨/公顷）。 0.60 吨/公顷）。