The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) has steadily improved; however there remain some unresolved issues. One problem is that the active layer is highly sensitive to its film thickness, limiting the optimal thickness to around 100 nm, which is not suitable for scale-up solar module manufacturing. To address this issue, a method to introduce the designed small molecule donor (SMD) SD62 into host PSCs was implemented. The resulting ternary system exhibits superior charge mobility, reduced charge recombination, and higher fill factor and PCE values, especially for thick-film PM6:L8-BO devices. The PCE of PM6:SD62:L8-BO devices exceeds 17.0% in the 100–400 nm thickness range. The advantage of high efficiency with thickness insensitivity further facilitates large-scale production, confirmed by the manufacturing of large-scale modules. Under similar film thickness distribution, the ternary system with an effective area of 15.4 cm² has higher fill factor (FF) and PCE values (71.59% and 15.94%, respectively) than the binary system (FF = 65.86% and PCE = 13.21%, respectively). Furthermore, this SD62-doping strategy also shows great universality, which is confirmed in three other binary systems, including PM6:Y6, PM6:BTP-eC9, and D18:L8-BO. This work provides a promising SMD-doping strategy for the commercial application of PSCs.

中文翻译：

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设计用于耐厚度和大规模聚合物太阳能电池的二噻吩并苯并二噻吩基小分子供体

聚合物太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率（PCE）稳步提升；然而，仍然存在一些未解决的问题。一个问题是有源层对其薄膜厚度高度敏感，将最佳厚度限制在100 nm左右，这不适合大规模太阳能模块制造。为了解决这个问题，我们实施了一种将设计的小分子供体 (SMD) SD62 引入宿主 PSC 的方法。由此产生的三元系统表现出优异的电荷迁移率、减少的电荷复合以及更高的填充因子和 PCE 值，特别是对于厚膜 PM6:L8-BO 器件。PM6:SD62:L8-BO 器件的 PCE 在 100–400 nm 厚度范围内超过 17.0%。高效率和对厚度不敏感的优势进一步促进了大规模生产，大型模块的制造证实了这一点。在相似的膜厚分布下，有效面积为15.4 cm ²的三元体系具有比二元体系更高的填充因子（FF）和PCE值（分别为71.59%和15.94%）（FF = 65.86%和PCE = 13.21%） ， 分别）。此外，这种SD62掺杂策略还表现出极大的普适性，这在其他三个二元系统中得到了证实，包括PM6:Y6、PM6:BTP-eC9和D18:L8-BO。这项工作为 PSC 的商业应用提供了一种有前景的 SMD 掺杂策略。