Manufacturing technology of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for pH measurements is presented. Plasticized polyurethane membranes with tridodecylamine as a pH-selective ionophore were used as receptor layer, whereas electrodes printed with graphene nanoplatelets paste served as transducers. For preliminary experiments, sensors with screen-printed transducers and pH-selective membranes deposited manually or by direct-ink writing, were employed. However, the use of aerosol-jet printing (AJP) technique for the production of transducer as well as deposition of pH-selective polymeric membrane allowed substantial miniaturization of the sensors, leading to low-cost, automated fabrication of millimeter-scale ISEs. The pH sensors were printed on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, the issues of compatibility of membrane and substrate materials were addressed. The average membrane thickness for the ISEs was 225.2 ± 8.0 μm with an additional 20 μm average thickness of other underlying printed layers. The planar dimensions of ISEs were 300 μm (width) by 2 mm, presenting an opportunity for even further miniaturization. Sensors fully printed with the AJP technique yielded a potentiometric response of −53.48 ± 4.26 mV/pH ( = 69) for PET substrate and − 46.71 ± 10.23 mV/pH ( = 66) for TPU substrate. Presented results are important for developing a fully operational electronic tattoo suitable for large-scale manufacturing.

中文翻译：

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气溶胶喷射印刷电位 pH 传感器，用于智能贴片中的汗水测量

介绍了用于 pH 测量的离子选择电极 (ISE) 的制造技术。以三十二烷基胺作为 pH 选择性离子载体的增塑聚氨酯膜被用作受体层，而印有石墨烯纳米片浆料的电极则用作传感器。在初步实验中，采用了带有丝网印刷换能器和手动或通过直接墨水书写沉积的 pH 选择性膜的传感器。然而，使用气溶胶喷射印刷 (AJP) 技术来生产传感器以及沉积 pH 选择性聚合物膜可以使传感器大幅小型化，从而实现毫米级 ISE 的低成本、自动化制造。将pH传感器印刷在热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）基材上，解决了膜和基材材料的相容性问题。 ISE 的平均膜厚度为 225.2 ± 8.0 μm，其他底层印刷层的平均厚度为 20 μm。 ISE 的平面尺寸为 300 μm（宽）x 2 mm，为进一步小型化提供了机会。完全采用 AJP 技术印刷的传感器对于 PET 基材产生的电位响应为 −53.48 ± 4.26 mV/pH (= 69)，对于 TPU 基材产生的电位响应为 − 46.71 ± 10.23 mV/pH (= 66)。所提出的结果对于开发适合大规模制造的完全可操作的电子纹身非常重要。