Young novice drivers are overrepresented in crashes. One of the causes is their poor hazard perception skills. Can a brief PC-based hazard prediction training speed up the acquisition of these skills? To investigate this a training was developed and tested. The training consisted of eight short videos from the driver’s perspective that ended in a crash or an emergency brake incident. Participants watched each video twice but only up until the moment the dangerous scenario started to unfold. During the following minute, they made as many predictions as possible about what would happen next. After this, the video was played again, including the remaining part with the crash or emergency brake incident. Thereafter, with the aid of stills from the video with highlighted areas and arrows, a voice-over explained which areas an experienced driver would have attended to, to avert the crash or emergency brake incident and which other latent hazards experienced drivers would have attended to that did not materialise. To evaluate the training, all participants first drove an approximately 15-minute simulator drive while an eye tracker recorded their gaze directions. In this drive seven latent hazards were staged that did not materialise. Then participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that completed the hazard prediction training (N = 19) or a control group (N = 20) that completed a placebo training with the same look and feel of the hazard prediction training but that did not train hazard prediction. Directly after, both groups drove the same simulator drive again but starting from a different location than the pre-training drive. Controlled for their gazes at latent hazards during the pre-training drive, the experimental group gazed at significantly more latent hazards during the post-training drive than the control group. Approximately five months after the intervention both groups completed an online hazard perception test consisting of animated videos. In these videos latent hazards were staged that were conceptually the same as those staged in the simulator drive. This online test was also completed by a group of experienced drivers (N = 19). The experimental group scored significantly better on this test than the control group. Experienced drivers scored better than the control group and worse than the experimental group. However, neither difference was significant. The results indicate that a short PC-based hazard perception training can indeed enhance hazard prediction skills and there are indications that these skills have retained.

中文翻译：

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与对照组相比，简短的基于电脑的危险预测培训计划随着时间的推移可以提高年轻新手驾驶员的危险感知技能

年轻的新手司机在车祸中所占比例过高。原因之一是他们的危险感知能力较差。简短的基于 PC 的危险预测培训能否加快这些技能的掌握？为了调查这一点，开发并测试了培训。培训包括从驾驶员角度拍摄的八个短片，最终以碰撞或紧急制动事件告终。参与者观看了每个视频两次，但只观看了危险场景开始出现的那一刻。在接下来的一分钟里，他们对接下来会发生的事情做出了尽可能多的预测。此后，视频再次播放，包括碰撞或紧急制动事件的剩余部分。此后，借助视频中突出显示区域和箭头的剧照，画外音解释了经验丰富的驾驶员会注意哪些区域，以避免碰撞或紧急制动事件，以及有经验的驾驶员会注意哪些其他潜在危险但这并没有实现。为了评估培训，所有参与者首先驾驶大约 15 分钟的模拟器驾驶，同时眼动仪记录他们的注视方向。在这次行动中，有七个潜在危险并未发生。然后，参与者被随机分配到完成危险预测训练的实验组 (N = 19) 或完成安慰剂训练的对照组 (N = 20)，其外观和感觉与危险预测训练相同，但没有进行安慰剂训练。训练危险预测。之后，两组人员再次驾驶相同的模拟器驾驶，但从与预训练驾驶不同的位置开始。在训练前的驾驶过程中，实验组对潜在危险的注视受到控制，而在训练后的驾驶中，实验组观察到的潜在危险明显多于对照组。干预后大约五个月，两组都完成了由动画视频组成的在线危险感知测试。在这些视频中，所呈现的潜在危险在概念上与模拟器驾驶中所呈现的危险相同。这项在线测试也是由一组经验丰富的驾驶员完成的（N = 19）。实验组在这项测试中的得分明显好于对照组。有经验的驾驶员得分高于对照组，低于实验组。然而，这两种差异都不显着。结果表明，基于 PC 的短期危险感知培训确实可以增强危险预测技能，并且有迹象表明这些技能已经保留。