The concept of ‘Hallmarks of Cancer’ is an approach of reducing the enormous complexity of cancer to a set of guiding principles. As the underlying mechanism of cancer are portrayed, we find that we gain insight and additional aspects of the disease arise. The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) brought a new dimension and led to the discovery of novel hallmarks such as senescent cells, non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes and unlocked phenotypic plasticity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that are ubiquitous across all species. Recent studies on the circRNAs have highlighted their crucial function in regulating the formation of human malignancies through a range of biological processes. The primary goal of this review is to clarify the role of circRNAs in the most common form of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review also addressed the topic of how circRNAs affect HCC hallmarks, including the new generation hallmarks. Finally, the enormous applications that these rapidly expanding ncRNA molecules serve in the functional and molecular development of effective HCC diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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CircRNA参与调控“新一代癌症标志”：肝细胞癌的特殊描述

“癌症标志”的概念是一种将癌症的巨大复杂性简化为一套指导原则的方法。当描述癌症的潜在机制时，我们发现我们获得了洞察力，并且出现了该疾病的其他方面。对肿瘤微环境（TME）的理解带来了一个新的维度，并导致了新标志的发现，例如衰老细胞、非突变表观遗传重编程、多态性微生物组和解锁的表型可塑性。环状 RNA (circRNA) 是单链、共价闭合的 RNA 分子，在所有物种中普遍存在。最近对 circRNA 的研究强调了它们通过一系列生物过程调节人类恶性肿瘤形成的关键功能。本综述的主要目标是阐明 circRNA 在最常见的肝癌——肝细胞癌 (HCC) 中的作用。这篇综述还讨论了 circRNA 如何影响 HCC 标志（包括新一代标志）的主题。最后，这些快速扩展的 ncRNA 分子在有效 HCC 诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的功能和分子开发中具有巨大的应用。