Textile based sensors have gained tremendous attention in moisture sensing. Moisture monitoring is crucial in wound healing. To promote the healing process, it is essential to maintain an optimal level of moisture while limiting unnecessary dressing changes. The objective of this research was to test how well a textile moisture sensor can detect moisture from the body and wound fluid when attached to the dressing. To this end, a 3D interdigitated capacitive structure was embroidered with silver conductive threads on the textile substrate, and a bandage was placed in the centre of the multilayer structure. When compared to traditional planar interdigitated structures, the main innovation of the proposed 3D capacitive structure lies in a larger surface area for interaction with the surrounding environment, leading to enhanced sensitivity to changes in capacitance with the respect to the moisture. The 3D structure of the bandage increased the ratio between electrodes and surface area to impact the surface charge sensitivity towards the adsorbed charges of the wound and body fluid. To observe the performance of the sensor, the bandage was exposed to simulated body fluid and wound fluid. Between dry and wet conditions, the sensor can detect capacitance differences of several orders of magnitude. The threshold volume for the 3D bandage was 30 μL to 50 μL, depending on the type of biofluids. The capacitive bandage integration with the inductor was tested at high frequencies (1–400 MHz). The shift in impedance was observed for the tested fluids. Finally, to compare sensing properties of the proposed structure against the previously reported designs, a bandage sensitivity was checked for three different configurations: (a) the proposed 3D bandage, (b) a 2D bandage, composed of textile substrate with both electrodes embroidered on top of bandage, and (c) classical interdigital structure without bandage composed of textile with embroidered electrodes on the top of it. The sensitivity of the 3D bandage for simulated body fluid and wound fluid is >6.6% and 7.4%, respectively, higher than the other two structures. The integration of the proposed textile-based sensor into a bandage could facilitate wound care and have a significant impact on efficacy for patients.

中文翻译：

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与绷带集成的刺绣 3D 电容传感器，用于监测生物体液的体积和类型

基于纺织品的传感器在湿度传感领域受到了极大的关注。湿度监测对于伤口愈合至关重要。为了促进愈合过程，必须保持最佳的湿度水平，同时限制不必要的敷料更换。这项研究的目的是测试纺织品湿度传感器在附着在敷料上时检测身体和伤口液体中的水分的能力。为此，在纺织基材上用银导电线绣制了 3D 叉指电容结构，并在多层结构的中心放置了绷带。与传统的平面叉指结构相比，所提出的3D电容结构的主要创新在于与周围环境相互作用的表面积更大，从而提高了对电容随湿度变化的敏感性。绷带的 3D 结构增加了电极和表面积之间的比率，以影响表面电荷对伤口和体液吸附电荷的敏感性。为了观察传感器的性能，将绷带暴露于模拟体液和伤口液中。在干燥和潮湿条件下，传感器可以检测几个数量级的电容差异。 3D 绷带的阈值体积为 30 μL 至 50 μL，具体取决于生物流体的类型。电容绷带与电感器的集成在高频 (1–400 MHz) 下进行了测试。观察到测试流体的阻抗变化。最后，为了将所提出的结构的传感特性与之前报道的设计进行比较，检查了三种不同配置的绷带灵敏度：(a) 所提出的 3D 绷带，(b) 2D 绷带，由纺织基材组成，两个电极都绣在上面绷带顶部，以及（c）无绷带的经典叉指结构，由顶部带有绣花电极的纺织品组成。 3D绷带对模拟体液和伤口液的敏感性分别>6.6%和7.4%，高于其他两种结构。将所提出的基于织物的传感器集成到绷带中可以促进伤口护理并对患者的疗效产生重大影响。