Detecting early signs of disease can significantly mitigate the risk of severe consequences. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), stemming from various underlying conditions like diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, obesity, and heart disease, manifests as an impairment in the kidneys' ability to efficiently filter blood. Consequently, a small amount of the protein albumin might be excreted into the urine. In this study, we have developed a novel biosensor utilizing copper nanoparticles to identify even trace levels of albumin in urine samples. Unlike conventional immunoassay methods, our biosensor doesn't rely on antibodies for its creation. By utilizing gum tree as a stabilizing agent, we've successfully synthesized the copper nanosensor, achieving distinct optical properties and prolonged stability. This method allowed for the precise quantification of bovine serum albumin (BSA) under optimized conditions. To perform quantitative analysis, we established a calibration curve by plotting the variations in absorbance at 580 nm between the sample and the blank. This assay effectively detected albumin within the concentration range of 25 to 250 mg/L (with an R value of 0.98), and it exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) at 6.5 mg/L. Notably, CuNPs demonstrated excellent specificity towards albumin. Moreover, we successfully applied this developed method for the rapid screening of albumin in synthetic and authentic urine samples, achieving recovery percentages ranging from 90% to 104% using UV–visible spectrometry. Overall, this colorimetric method holds significant promise for on-site albumin detection, offering high accuracy, exceptional selectivity, and minimal reagent consumption.

中文翻译：

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使用 CuNPs@AG 高灵敏度检测人工尿液中血清白蛋白的新型生物传感器

检测疾病的早期迹象可以显着降低严重后果的风险。慢性肾病 (CKD) 源于各种潜在疾病，如糖尿病、高血压、肥胖和心脏病，表现为肾脏有效过滤血液的能力受损。因此，少量的白蛋白可能会排泄到尿液中。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新型生物传感器，利用铜纳米颗粒来识别尿液样本中的微量白蛋白。与传统的免疫测定方法不同，我们的生物传感器不依赖抗体来创建。通过利用胶树作为稳定剂，我们成功合成了铜纳米传感器，实现了独特的光学特性和长期稳定性。该方法可以在优化条件下对牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 进行精确定量。为了进行定量分析，我们通过绘制样品和空白之间在 580 nm 处的吸光度变化来建立校准曲线。该测定可有效检测浓度范围为25至250 mg/L（R值为0.98）的白蛋白，并且检测限（LOD）为6.5 mg/L。值得注意的是，CuNPs 对白蛋白表现出极好的特异性。此外，我们成功地将这种开发的方法应用于合成和真实尿液样本中白蛋白的快速筛查，使用紫外可见光谱法实现了 90% 至 104% 的回收率。总体而言，这种比色方法对于现场白蛋白检测具有重大前景，具有高精度、卓越的选择性和最少的试剂消耗。