There is a need for better predictive models of the human immune system to evaluate safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs and biologics for successful product development and regulatory approvals. Current in vitro models, which are often tested in two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture polystyrene, and preclinical animal models fail to fully recapitulate the function and physiology of the human immune system. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) that can model key microenvironment cues of the human immune system, as well as of specific organs and tissues, may be able to recapitulate specific features of the in vivo inflammatory response. This minireview provides an overview of MPS for modeling lymphatic tissues, immunity at tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in vitro and ex vivo. Broadly, these systems have utility in modeling how certain immunotherapies function in vivo, how dysfunctional immune responses can propagate diseases, and how our immune system can combat pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

微生理系统中的免疫建模

需要更好的人类免疫系统预测模型来评估免疫调节药物和生物制剂的安全性和有效性，以实现成功的产品开发和监管批准。目前的体外模型通常在二维 (2D) 组织培养聚苯乙烯中进行测试，而临床前动物模型无法完全重现人类免疫系统的功能和生理学。微生理系统（MPS）可以模拟人类免疫系统以及特定器官和组织的关键微环境线索，或许能够概括体内炎症反应的特定特征。这篇小综述概述了 MPS 用于模拟淋巴组织、组织界面免疫、炎症性疾病以及体外和离体炎症肿瘤微环境的方法。从广义上讲，这些系统可用于模拟某些免疫疗法在体内如何发挥作用、功能失调的免疫反应如何传播疾病以及我们的免疫系统如何对抗病原体。